Chapter V of the United Nations Charter

Chapter V of the United Nations Charter contains its provisions establishing the UN Security Council. Article 23 hard-wires into the treaty text the UNSC's composition of the permanent five – the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America – and 10 nonpermanent members elected by the UN General Assembly. The nonpermanent members serve two-terms and cannot be immediately re-elected. In the selection process for these nonpermanent members, the treaty calls for "due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution." Article 24 gives the Security Council "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security" and requires the UNSC to act in accordance with the UN's purposes and principles. Article 25 requires members to "accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council," a mandate that does not apply with respect to the decisions of any other UN body, with the exception of the World Court's decisions once a country has accepted its jurisdiction.

Article 26

Article 26 reflects a pro-disarmament sentimement:

In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.

Nonetheless, the language employed here is considerably softer than that of Article 8 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, which stated:

The Members of the League agree that the manufacture by private enterprise of munitions and implements of war is open to grave objections. The Council shall advise how the evil effects attendant upon such manufacture can be prevented, due regard being had to the necessities of those Members of the League which are not able to manufacture the munitions and implements of war necessary for their safety.

The Security Council made its first real effort on disarmament in June 1968 when it adopted Resolution 255, which contained assurances for non-nuclear weapon states^[1]. Some observers believe that today, the UNSC is not fulfilling its mandate under Article 26^[2].

Article 27

Article specifies the UNSC's voting procedures. Nine of fifteen members, including all five permanent members, must concur in order for the UNSC to act on a non-procedural measure. The requirement of the P-5's unanimous assent establishes the famous "great power veto," which deadlocked the UNSC throughout most of the Cold War and has prevented the UNSC from authorizing military action on many occasions, including the Iraq War. It was also used by the U.S. to block re-appointment of UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. There has been much debate on the veto. Some have interpreted its purpose as being primarily to prevent military action being taken against any member of the P-5; these observers therefore favor limiting the veto to that purpose and not using it for questions such as nomination of a UN Secretary-General.

1965 amendment

Originally, there were 11 members of the UN Security Council, with the assent of 7 (including the Permanent Five) being required for a decision. In 1965, in recognition of the growing membership of the organization, the Charter was amended to expand the UNSC to 15 members, with the assent of 9 (again including the Permanent Five) being needed to make a decision.

See also

• Reform of the United Nations Security Council

References

United Nations Charter (UN)

Complete text at WikiSource • United Nations Portal Text of the Charter: Preamble • Chapter I • Chapter II • Chapter III • Chapter IV • Chapter V • Chapter VI • Chapter VII • Chapter VIII • Chapter IX • Chapter X • Chapter XI • Chapter XII • Chapter XIII • Chapter XIV • Chapter XV • Chapter XVI • Chapter XVII • Chapter XVIII • Chapter XIX Amendments to the United Nations Charter History of the Charter (History of the UN): Paris Peace Conference of 1919 • Treaty of Versailles • Covenant of the League of Nations • Moscow Conference of 1943 • Tehran Conference of 1943 • Dumbarton Oaks Conference • San Francisco Conference • Signatories Created Organs: Security Council • General Assembly • Economic and Social Council • Trusteeship Council • International Court of Justice • Secretariat • Military Staff Committee

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