Charles de Sousy Ricketts (2 October 1866 - 7 October 1931) was a versatile English artist, illustrator, author and printer, and is best known for his work as book designer and typographer from 1896 to 1904 with the Vale Press, and his work in the theatre as a set and costume designer.
Life and career
Ricketts was born in Geneva to a French mother and an English father. He grew up mainly in France and Italy. He began his studies in art at the City and Guilds Technical Art School in Lambeth, in 1882, after both his parents had died.
According to William Rothenstein, Ricketts, with his pale, delicate features, fair hair and pointed red-gold beard, looked like a Clouet drawing. Half French, he had the quick mind and the rapid speech of a southerner.
At the Art School he met Charles Shannon (1863-1937), painter and lithographer, who would be his lifelong partner in both his artistic and personal life.[1] On the advice of Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, they settled in England rather than abroad.
Vale Press and artistic career
They founded The Dial, a magazine, which had five issues from 1889 to 1897, and the Vale Press, named after their house, The Vale, in Chelsea, London. "The portrait of Ricketts by Shannon was painted two years after Ricketts had founded the Vale Press. It is a record of their friendship, slightly tentative in its character, with Ricketts turning his head away so that he is seen in profile. He liked it precisely for this reason since it shows him 'turning away from the 20th century to think only of the 15th.' It is labelled on the back 'The Man in an Inverness Cloak'." - National Portrait Gallery
Ricketts was one of two well-known illustrators of Oscar Wilde's work, the other being Aubrey Beardsley who worked on Salomé. He and Shannon were friends and supporters of Wilde.
It was in the work of the Vale Press that Ricketts would find his talents were best employed. The enterprise also involved Thomas Sturge Moore, and later William Llewellyn Hacon (1860-1910), a barrister. The actual printing was carried out by Ballantyne Press under the supervision of Charles McCall. A total of about 75 books were produced, including a complete Shakespeare in 39 volumes, before the special type fonts were destroyed. In parallel, Ricketts was involved with the Eragny Press, run by Lucien Pissarro and his wife Esther, from 1894 to 1914.
After 1902, he turned more to painting and sculpture. His principal pictures in public galleries are "The Death of Don Juan" (Tate Gallery), "The Plague" (Musée du Luxembourg, Paris) and "Montezuma" (Manchester Art Gallery).[2]
Ricketts also wrote on art, was a collector, and was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1922 and a full member in 1928.[3] In 1929 he was appointed a member of the Royal Fine Arts Commission.[2]
Theatre design
Ricketts became a celebrated and sought-after designer for the stage. "Mr Ricketts is infallible in his ideas on costume" observed The Times.[4] Plays on which he worked included Oscar Wilde's Salome (1906), Laurence Binyon's Attila (1907), King Lear (1909), Bernard Shaw's The Dark Lady (1910), Arnold Bennett's Judith (1916), Maurice Maeterlinck's The Betrothal (1920), Shaw's Saint Joan (1924), Macbeth (1926) and John Masefield's The Coming of Christ (1928).[5] Outside London he worked for the Abbey Theatre, Dublin on plays by W. B. Yeats and J.M. Synge.[6] Ricketts also designed much-publicised new productions of The Gondoliers and The Mikado for Rupert D'Oyly Carte in the 1920s.[7]
A play, Last Romantics by Michael Lewis MacLennan, has been based on Ricketts and Shannon and their circle, including Michael Field.
Works
- The Prado and its Masterpieces (1903)
- Titian (1910)
- Pages on Art (1913)
- Beyond the Threshold (1929), [under pseudonym Jean Paul Raymond]
- Oscar Wilde: Recollections (1932), [under pseudonym Jean Paul Raymond]
- Self-Portrait (1939)
Notes
- ^ Ray, Gordon Norton (1992), The Illustrator and the Book in England from 1790 to 1914, Courier Dover Publications, p. 160, ISBN 0486269558 .
- ^ a b The Times obituary, 9 Oct 1931, p. 7
- ^ The Times 29 February 1928, p. 16
- ^ The Times, 25 November 1910, p. 13
- ^ The Times, 9 June, 1909, 25 November 1910, 25 January 1916, 25 November 1920, 17 April 1924, 28 December 1926 and 14 May 1928
- ^ The Times, 5 January 1933, p. 8
- ^ Most of Ricketts's costume designs for The Mikado were retained by subsequent designers for more than 50 years - see Bell, Diana: The Complete Gilbert & Sullivan, Wellfleet Press, New Jersey, 1989, ISBN 1-55521-440-1, pp. 148-52. See also these photos and information about the 1926 Mikado designs
References
- Self-Portrait Taken from the Letters & Journals of Charles Ricketts, R.A. (1939) edited by T. Sturge Moore and Cecil Lewis
- Binnie, Eric. The theatrical designs of Charles Ricketts (1985) Ann Arbor, Mich: Umi Research Press ISBN 0835715841
- Calloway, Stephen. Charles Ricketts: Subtle and Fantastic Decorator (1979)
- Darracott, Joseph. The world of Charles Ricketts (1980) New York: Methuen ISBN 0416007112
- Darracott, Joseph. All for ar : the Ricketts and Shannon Collection, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (1979) Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521228417
- Delaney, J. G. Paul. Charles Ricketts: a biography (1990) Oxford: Clarendon Press ISBN 0198172125
- Genz, Marcella D. History of the Eragny Press, 1894-1914 (2003)
- Watry, Maureen M. The Vale Press: Charles Ricketts, a Publisher in Earnest (2003) New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press ISBN 158456072X
External links
