There are really two types of answers to this question: popularity and size as in weight and height. In the United States, the largest cattle breed in terms of popularity is Angus. However, in terms of size as in weight and height, the Chianina is superior not only in America, but also in the world. In contrast to Angus, however, Chianina is not a common breed.
Now here are some comparisons between Angus and Chianina in terms of size:
Chianina Bull :
Height : 160cm - 180cm
Weight : 1 150 - 1 500 kg
Angus Bull :
Height : 150cm - 171 cm
Weight : 1 000 - 1 300 kg