Chicano English
Chicano English is a dialect of American English used by Chicanos. One major variation of Chicano English is Tejano English, used mainly in south Texas. It is mistakenly referred to as Spanglish, which is not a recognized dialect of English but rather a mixing of English and Spanish.
Phonology
Thomas Veatch's linguistic study of the surface vowel system of Los Angeles Chicano English found it to be phonologically indistinguishable from the surrounding Anglo English dialect, except for what could be termed minor features. The views that Chicanos are not really full-fledged English speakers, or even that they speak a form of English that includes features taken from Spanish, are not supported by any data. Instead, like other immigrant groups in the US, they acquire the matrix English dialect with native-speaker perfection within the first native-born generation. However, when such groups are ghettoized, living in separate, ethnically concentrated neighborhoods similarly to, at various historical times, Jews in East Manhattan, Chinese in San Francisco's Chinatown, and others, then they commonly seem to develop novel identifying features of a new ethnic dialect. Intonational features distinctive of the dialect are mentioned in Santa Ana 1991. A lowering, perhaps merger of /ɛ/ toward /æ/ in the when it precedes /l/, in words like elevator which may be pronounced with an initial syllable that rhymes with pal, has been reported. Neither of these features exist in the Spanish of the immigrant population; they were created by English speakers for their own purposes as English speakers, rather than imported through some imperfect kind of assimilation or failure of English language learning. Veatch's study used Chicano English to support his general view of accent in language, that the average phonetic realizations (in F1-F2 space) of the acoustic nuclei of the phonological vowel classes were described by several rules of phonetic implementation. Veatch also found that for Chicano English, as also found in all other English dialects that he studied, the effects of phrasal stress on the performance of vowel production, as investigated through F1 and F2 measurements, resulted in stress reduction shifts vowels in the direction of a high and somewhat front of center reduction target[1]
Well-known speakers of Chicano English
See also
References
- Bayley, Robert; & Santa Ana, Otto. (2004). Chicano English grammar. In B. Kortmann, E. W. Schneider, K. Burridge, R. Mesthrie, & C. Upton (Eds.), A handbook of varieties of English: Morphology and syntax (Vol. 2, pp. 167-183). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Briggs, Charles L. Competence in Performance: The Creativity of Tradition in Mexicano Verbal Art. University of Pennsylvania Press conduct and communication series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, (1988).
- Form and Function in Chicano English. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House Publishers, (1984).
- Fought, Carmen. (2003). Chicano English in context. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Galindo, Letticia D. (1987). Linguistic influence and variation of the English of Chicano adolescents in Austin, Texas. (PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin).
- Liu, Jennifer Anchor dissects American English Stanford Daily, February 23, 2005
- Penfield, Joyce. Chicano English: An Ethnic Contact Dialect. Varieties of English around the world, General series; v. 7. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., (1985).
- Sanchez, Rosaura. Chicano Discourse: Sociohistoric Perspectives. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House Publishers, (1983).
- Santa Ana, Otto. (1993). Chicano English and the Chicano language setting. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 15 (1), 1-35.
- Santa Ana, Otto; & Bayley, Robert. (2004). Chicano English phonology. In E. W. Schneider, B. Kortmann, K. Burridge, R. Mesthrie, & C. Upton (Eds.), A handbook of varieties of English: Phonology (Vol. 1, pp. 407-424). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Ulanoff, Sharon, Vega-Castaneda, Lillian, Chicano English: What is it? Who speaks it? Examining Social, Cultural, Linguistic Features that Impact the Schooling of Speakers of Chicano English (2005)
- Veatch, Thomas Los Angeles Chicano English (2005)
- Wolfram, Walt. (1974). Sociolinguistic aspects of assimilation: Puerto Rican English in New York City. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
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Chicano Spanish · Spanish language · Chicano Caló words and expressions · Chicano English · New Mexican Spanish · Spanish in the United States · Spanish profanity · Spanglish |
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