(born
c. 1043, Vivar, near Burgos, Castile — died July 10, 1099, Valencia) Castilian military leader and national hero. His popular name, El Cid (from Spanish Arabic
al-sid, "lord"), dates from his lifetime. Brought up at the court of Ferdinand I, the Cid served the king's eldest son, Sancho II, in his campaign to gain control of León. On Sancho's death he shifted to the service of
Alfonso VI, whom he had formerly opposed. His unauthorized raid on the Moorish kingdom of
Toledo (1081) prompted Alfonso to send him into exile. He then entered the service of the Muslim rulers of
Zaragoza, becoming known as a general who was never defeated in battle. Alfonso tried unsuccessfully to win him back during the
Almoravid invasion of Spain. The Cid maneuvered to gain control of the Moorish kingdom of Valencia, finally succeeding in 1094. He was speedily elevated to the status of national hero, and his exploits were celebrated in a heroic biography and a famous 12th-century epic poem.
For more information on the Cid, visit Britannica.com.