Circular breathing is a technique used by players of some wind instruments to produce a continuous tone without interruption. This is accomplished by breathing in through the nose while simultaneously blowing out through the mouth using air stored in the cheeks.
It is used extensively in playing the Australian didgeridoo, the Sardinian launeddas and Egyptian arghul, as well as many traditional oboes and flutes of Asia and the Middle East. A few jazz and classical wind players also utilize some form of circular breathing.
Although many professional wind players find circular breathing highly useful, few pieces of European orchestral music composed before the 20th century actually require its use. However, the advent of circular breathing among professional wind players has allowed for the transcription of pieces originally composed for string instruments which would be unperformable on a wind instrument without the aid of circular breathing. A notable example of this phenomenon is "Moto Perpetuo," transcribed for trumpet by Rafael Méndez from the original work for violin by Paganini.
Costa Rican saxophonist Geovanny Escalante holds the world record of almost ninety minutes for continuous playing of a wind instrument, breaking the previous record of 45 minutes held by saxophonist Kenny G.[1]
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Method
The person inhales fully and begins to exhale and blow. When the lungs are nearly empty, the last volume of air is blown into the mouth, and the cheeks are inflated with this air. Then, while still blowing this last bit of air out by allowing the cheeks to deflate, the person must very quickly fill the lungs by inhaling through the nose prior to running out of the air in the mouth. If done correctly, by the time the air in the mouth is nearly exhausted the person can begin to exhale from the lungs once more, ready to repeat the process again.
Physiologically, the process is similar to drinking at a water fountain and taking a breath of air while water remains in the mouth, without raising the head from the water stream. The body "knows" to not allow water into the lungs. It is this same instinct that a circular breather uses to play their instrument.[citation needed]
One learning technique is to try puff out the cheeks with mouth closed using only air drawn in through the nose. This technique is very challenging, but when learned and mastered it can be repeated easily.
Instruments having circular breathing as an integral part of their technique
Musicians known for circular breathing
Some musicians who do not play the instruments mentioned above are known for using circular breathing.
- Djivan Gasparyan - Armenian duduk musician and composer
- Traditional Punjabi Singers - Gurmeet Bawa in Jugni use Algozey in Punjab, India.
- Daniel Goode – avant-garde clarinetist[2]
- Jeff Coffin – jazz musician best known as a saxophonist but also plays clarinet and flute. Is a member of Dave Matthews Band
- Rahsaan Roland Kirk – jazz multi-instrumentalist[3]
- Eugene Rousseau – classical saxophonist[4]
- Roscoe Mitchell – jazz multi-instrumentalist[5]
- Hamiet Bluiett - American jazz and avant garde baritone saxophonist
- David Murray- Plays tenor saxophone and, on occasion, bass clarinet[6]
- James Carter – saxophonist, flautist, and bass clarinetist
- Irvin Mayfield – Grammy Award-nominated jazz trumpeter, composer and cultural ambassador to New Orleans[7]
- Evan Parker – saxophone player
- Lenny Pickett – saxophone player with the 1970s funk band Tower of Power[citation needed] and SNL band
- Pharoah Sanders – tenor saxophonist
- Kenny G – American saxophonist
- Bruce Fowler - American jazz Trombonist and composer, best known for his work with Frank Zappa
- John Surman – baritone and soprano saxophonist[citation needed]
- Jimmy Owens (jazz) – trumpet player[citation needed]
- John Zorn – avant-garde saxophonist and composer
- Peter Zummo – avant-garde trombonist
- Femi Kuti – Afrobeat and jazz saxophonist[citation needed]
- Mark Pender – jazz trumpeter[citation needed]
- Wynton Marsalis – classical and jazz trumpeter
- Rafael Méndez - Mexican virtuoso solo trumpeter
- Dan Regan – trombonist in the ska punk band, Reel Big Fish
- Harry Carney - baritone saxophonist with Duke Ellington's Orchestra
- Paul Hanson - American jazz bassoonist
- Rolf Harris - Australian musician, singer, composer, painter, television host and personality.
- David Krakauer - Clarinetist[citation needed]
- Ian Clarke - flautist and composer
- Daniel Lehrhoff - American jazz trumpeter
- Xavier Rudd - Australian singer, songwriter, guitar player, didgeridoo player,
- Theodosii Spassov - Bulgarian kaval player, and more
- Greg Pattillo - Beatboxing Flautist.
- Darren Ryan - Euphonium player
- Megs Kirkpatrick - Australian National Treasure - violinist
- Ty Stahl - Mastered his own instrument; the Mahleer
- Martin Fröst - Swedish clarinetist
- Kristine Stacke - British Saxophonist
- Sergei Nakariakov - classical trumpeter [8]
References
- ^ News on Yahoo! Music
- ^ "Daniel Goode: About". http://www.danielsgoode.com/about.html. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ University of Chicago
- ^ Eugene Rousseau
- ^ "Roscoe Mitchell Interview". Perfect Sound Forever. May 1998. http://www.furious.com/perfect/roscoemitchell.html. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ BBC Radio 3 profile
- ^ "Irvin Mayfield: Hombre of Hot Music and Vital Education". AllAboutJazz.com. 2004-08-30. http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=14582. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "Sergei Nakariakov: Biography". http://www.nakariakov.com/biography.htm. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
External links
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