cleaner production
Cleaner production is a preventive, company-specific environmental protection initiative. It is intendend to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output.[1] By analysing the flow of materials and energy in a company, one tries to identify options to minimize waste and emissions out of industrial processes. Improvements of organisation and technology help to make the best possible use of materials and energy and avoid waste, waste water generation, and gaseous emissions, and also waste heat and noise.
Examples for cleaner production options are:
- Documentation of consumption (as a basic analysis of material and energy flows, e. g. with a Sankey diagram)
- Use of indicators and controlling (to identify losses from poor planning, poor education and training, mistakes)
- Substitution of raw materials and auxiliary materials (especially renewable materials and energy)
- Increase of useful life of auxiliary materials and process liquids (by avoiding drag in, drag out, contamination)
- Improved control and automatisation
- Reuse of waste (internal or external)
- New, low waste processes and technologies
One of the first European initiatives in cleaner production was started in Austria in 1992 by the BMVIT (Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie). This resulted in two initiatives: "Prepare" and "Ecoprofit".
The "PIUS" initiative was founded in Germany in 1999. Since 1994, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization operates the National Cleaner Production Centre Programme with centres in Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Europe.
==References==
- ^ Yacooub, Ali; Johannes Fresner (2006). Half is Enough - An Introduction to Cleaner Production. Beirut, Lebanon: LCPC Press. ISBN 3-9501636-2-X.
See also
- Cradle to Cradle
- Energy conservation
- Environmental management
- Environmental Quality Management
- Green Design
- Industrial ecology
- ISO 9001
- ISO 14001
- Pollution prevention
- Sustainability
- Total quality management
- Waste minimisation
External links
- A special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production that focuses specifically on Zero Emissions
- Ecoprofit
- Pollution prevention in China
- National Cleaner Production Center Programme
- Cleaner Production by sectors
- PIUS: Produktionsintegrierter Umweltschutz
- Prepare
- UNIDO NCPC Programme, including lessons learned, and contact to National Cleaner Production Centers
- Journal of Cleaner Production
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