Genus of toxic Basidiomycete mushrooms; contain an unidentified toxin; causes diarrhea, vomiting. Includes C. discolor, C. rivulosa.
Clitocybe
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The noun has one meaning:
Meaning #1:
a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills
Synonym: genus Clitocybe
| Wikipedia: Clitocybe |
| Clitocybe | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Subclass: | Hymenomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Tricholomataceae |
| Genus: | Clitocybe (Fr.) Staude[1] |
| Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm. |
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Hundreds of species of mushrooms compose the fungus genus Clitocybe. They are characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest ground litter.
Clitocybe means sloping head.
A few members of the genus are considered edible; many others are poisonous, containing the toxin muscarine among others. Distinguishing individual species of Clitocybe is generally prohibitively difficult to non-experts, requiring the analysis of microscopic characters. Therefore, with the exception of a few charismatic and readily identified members, Clitocybe mushrooms are rarely collected for consumption.
Recent molecular work has shown the genus to be polyphyletic, with many members seemingly distantly related and other fungi, such as the field blewit and wood blewit, now known as Clitocybe saeva and C. nuda respectively, are more closely related. As C. nebularis is the type species[2], those most distantly related to it would be likely to be reclassified in the future.
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Toxicity
The consumption of two species, Clitocybe acromelalga from Japan,[3] and Clitocybe amoenolens from France,[4] has led to several cases of mushroom-induced erythromelalgia which lasted from 8 days to 5 months.[5]
Many small Clitocybe species contain the toxin muscarine, which was originally found in small amounts in the famous fly agaric. However, the small white Clitocybe species contain muscarine in dangerous amounts, and two species in particular, the closely related Clitocybe dealbata and Clitocybe rivolusa, contain muscarine in deadly amounts, and deaths have been recorded for eating those two Clitocybe species.
List of species
- Clitocybe acromelalga (Japan)
- Clitocybe alexandri
- Clitocybe amoenolens - poisonous bamboo mushroom (France)
- Clitocybe brumalis — Winter Funnel Cap
- Clitocybe candicans
- Clitocybe candida
- Clitocybe cerussata
- Clitocybe clavipes — may be edible but poisonous when consumed in conjunction with alcohol
- Clitocybe dealbata — Ivory Funnel, Sweating mushroom (Europe), poisonous
- Clitocybe ditopus
- Clitocybe dilata
- Clitocybe eccentrica
- Clitocybe entoloma
- Clitocybe eucalyptorum
- Clitocybe flaccida
- Clitocybe fragrans
- Clitocybe geotropa
- Clitocybe gibba
- Clitocybe gigantea (=Leucopaxillus giganteus)
- Clitocybe glacialis
- Clitocybe glutiniceps
- Clitocybe maxima
- Clitocybe nebularis — Clouded agaric - considered edible by some, though causes gastric upset in many people
- Clitocybe nuda — Wood blewit — a common edible distinguished in part by its lilac hue
- Clitocybe odora — Aniseed toadstool; grows near birch trees, but can be easily mistaken for poisonous ones mainly because of its appearance
- Clitocybe rivulosa - Fool's Funnel (Europe, North America)
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- Clitocybe sclerotoidea
- Clitocybe squamulosa
- Clitocybe truncicola
- Clitocybe vibecina
The bioluminescent jack o'lantern mushroom (Omphalotus olearius) was formerly placed in this genus as Clitocybe illudens.
See also
External links
References
- ^ Staude F. (1857) (in German). Die Schwämme Mitteldeutschlands, in besondere des Herzogthums. pp. 1–150.
- ^ Redhead, S.A. et al. (2002a). "Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solutions for core omphalinoid genera in the Agaricales (euagarics)". Mycotaxon 83: 19–57.[1]
- ^ Ichimura, J (1918). "A new poisonous mushroom". Bot Gaz (Tokyo) 65: 10911.
- ^ Saviuc PF, Danel VC, Moreau PA, Guez DR, Claustre AM, Carpentier PH, Mallaret MP, Ducluzeau R (2001). "Erythromelalgia and mushroom poisoning". J. Toxicol Clin Toxicol 39 (4): 403–07. doi:.
- ^ Diaz, James H. (2005). "Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings". Critical Care Medicine 33 (2): 427–36. doi:.
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 | Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| WordNet. WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Clitocybe". Read more |
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