colubrid

Colubrids
Caspian Whipsnake Coluber (Dolichophis) caspius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Sauropsida Subclass: Diapsida Infraclass: Lepidosauromorpha Superorder: Lepidosauria Order: Squamata Family: Colubridae
Subfamilies
Boodontinae Calamariinae Colubrinae Dipsadinae Homalopsinae Natricinae Pareatinae Psammophiinae Pseudoxenodontinae Pseudoxyrhophiinae Xenodermatinae Xenodontinae incertae sedis See text for genera.

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Colubridae

A Colubrid (from Latin coluber, snake) is a snake that is a member of the Colubridae family. It is a broad classification of snakes that includes well over half of all snake species on earth. A colubrid's body is almost completely covered in scales. While most colubrids are non-venomous (or have venom that isn't known to be harmful to humans) and are normally harmless, a few groups, such as genus Boiga, can produce medically significant bites. In addition, the Boomslang and African Twig Snake have both caused human fatalities.The venom-injecting fangs associated with venomous colubrids are almost always in the back of the mouth, compared to vipers and elapids. The Colubrids or "Colubrids" are certainly not a natural group, as many are more closely related to other groups, such as elapids, than to each other. This family has classically been a dumping ground for snakes that don't fit anywhere else. There is on-going mitochondrial DNA research which will sort out the familial relations within this group

Selected species

• Queen snake
• Common Keelback
• King Snake
• Milk Snake
• Corn Snake
• Bull Snake
• Fox Snake
• Rat Snake
• Garter Snake
• Hognose Snake
• Indigo snake
• Smooth Snake
• Water Snake
• Mussurana

Classification

Subfamily Boodontinae

• Bothrolycus
• Bothrophthalmus
• Buhoma (incertae sedis)
• Chamaelycus
• Dendrolycus
• Dipsina
• Dromophis
• Duberria (incertae sedis)
• Gonionotophis
• Grayia
• Hormonotus
• Lamprophis
• Lycodonomorphus
• Lycophidion
• Macroprotodon
• Mehelya
• Montaspis (incertae sedis)
• Pseudaspis
• Pseudoboodon
• Pythonodipsas
• Scaphiophis

Subfamily Calamariinae

• Calamaria
• Calamorhabdium
• Collorhabdium
• Etheridgeum
• Macrocalamus
• Pseudorabdion
• Rabdion

Subfamily Colubrinae - nearly 100 genera
Subfamily Dipsadinae

• Adelphicos
• Amastridium
• Atractus
• Calamodontophis (incertae sedis)
• Carphophis (incertae sedis)
• Chersodromus
• Coniophanes
• Contia (incertae sedis)
• Crisantophis (incertae sedis)
• Cryophis
• Diadophis (incertae sedis)
• Diaphorolepsis (incertae sedis)
• Dipsas
• Echinanthera (incertae sedis)
• Emmochliophis (incertae sedis)
• Enuliophis (incertae sedis)
• Enulius (incertae sedis)
• Eridiphas
• Geophis
• Gomesophis (incertae sedis)
• Hydromorphus (incertae sedis)
• Hypsiglena
• Imantodes
• Leptodeira
• Ninia
• Nothopsis (incertae sedis)
• Pliocercus
• Pseudoleptodeira
• Pseudotomodon (incertae sedis)
• Ptychophis (incertae sedis)
• Rhadinaea
• Rhadinophanes (incertae sedis)
• Sibon
• Sibynomorphus
• Synophis (incertae sedis)
• Tachymenis (incertae sedis)
• Taeniophallus (incertae sedis)
• Tantalophis (incertae sedis)
• Thamnodynastes (incertae sedis)
• Tomodon (incertae sedis)
• Tretanorhinus
• Trimetopon
• Tropidodipsas
• Urotheca
• Xenopholis (incertae sedis)

Subfamily Homalopsinae - about 10 genera
Subfamily Natricinae - around 30 genera
Subfamily Pareatinae - 3 genera
Subfamily Psammophiinae

• Hemirhagerrhis
• Malpolon
• Mimophis
• Psammophis
• Psammophylax
• Rhamphiophis

Subfamily Pseudoxenodontinae

• Plagiopholis
• Pseudoxenodon

Subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae

• Alluaudina
• Compsophis
• Ditypophis
• Dromicodryas
• Exallodontophis
• Geodipsas
• Heteroliodon
• Ithycyphus
• Langaha
• Leioheterodon
• Liophidium
• Liopholidophis
• Lycodryas
• Madagascarophis
• Micropisthodon
• Pararhadinaea
• Brygophis
• Pseudoxyrhopus
• Stenophis

Subfamily Xenodermatinae

• Achalinus
• Fimbrios
• Oxyrhabdium
• Stoliczkaia
• Xenodermus
• Xylophis

Subfamily Xenodontinae - dome 55-60 genera
incertae sedis

• Blythia
• Cercaspis
• Cyclocorus
• Elapoidis
• Gongylosoma
• Haplocercus
• Helophis
• Myersophis
• Omoadiphas (recently discovered)
• Oreocalamus
• Poecilopholis
• Rhabdops
• Tetralepis
• Thermophis
• Trachischium

eml:Bessa

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