(kŭn'ĭng-əm) , 1895–1948, British air marshal, b. Australia. During World War I, he served first in the New Zealand army and then joined (1916) the Royal Flying Corps, a forerunner of the Royal Air Force. He remained in the air force and became air vice marshal after the outbreak of World War II. He commanded the tactical air support forces in North Africa (1941–43), during the invasion of Sicily and S Italy (1943–44), and during the Normandy landings (1944–45). He became air marshal in 1946 and retired in 1947.