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Conservative liberalism[1][2] is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances, or, more simply, representing the right-wing of the liberal movement.[3] The roots of it are to be found at the beginning of the history of liberalism: until the World Wars, in most European countries the political class was formed by conservative liberals, from Germany to Italy.
Conservative liberalism is a more positive and less radical version of classical liberalism.[4] The events such as World War I occurring after 1917 brought the more radical version of classical liberalism to a more conservative, or more moderate, type of liberalism.[5]
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Historical development
Conservative liberal parties have tended to develop in those European countries where there was no strong secular conservative party and where the separation of church and state was less on issue. In those countries, where the conservative parties were christian-democratic, this conservative brand of liberalism developed.[1][3]
Conservative-liberal parties worldwide
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Current conservative-liberal parties
- Belgium: Dedecker List[6]
- Bulgaria: National Movement Simeon II
- Canada: Liberal Party of Canada
- Croatia: Croatian Social Liberal Party[6]
- Denmark: Liberal Party of Denmark[1][3]
- Estonia: Estonian Reform Party[6]
- France: Civic Alliance for Democracy in Europe
- Iceland: Liberal Party
- Ireland: Progressive Democrats[6]
- Latvia: Latvian Way[6]
- Lithuania: Liberal and Centre Union[6]
- Netherlands: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy[3][6][7]
- Peru: Popular Action
- Poland: Real Politics Union
- Romania: National Liberal Party
- Serbia: G17 Plus, Liberals
- Slovakia: Alliance of the New Citizen
- Spain: Democratic Convergence of Catalonia
Parties with conservative-liberal factions
- Australia: Liberal Party
- Belgium: Flemish Liberals and Democrats[3]
- Brazil: Democrats
- Canada: Liberal Party of Canada
- Chile: National Renewal
- Denmark: Conservative People's Party
- Finland: National Coalition Party
- France: Union for a Popular Movement, namely The Reformers and The Free Right
- Germany: Free Democratic Party[3]
- Iceland: Independence Party, Progressive Party
- Ireland: Fianna Fáil
- Italy: The People of Freedom, namely Popular Liberalism, Liberal Reformers and The Liberal Part
- Japan: Liberal Democratic Party
- Lebanon: National Liberal Party
- Luxembourg: Democratic Party[3]
- Norway: Conservative Party
- Poland: Civic Platform
- Portugal: Social Democratic Party
- Romania: Democratic Liberal Party
- Spain: Popular Party
- Sweden: Liberal People's Party
- Switzerland: Free Democratic Party[3][6]
- United Kingdom: Conservative Party, Liberal Democrats, namely Liberal Vision and the now defunct Liberal Future
- United States: Republican Party, Democratic Party
Historical conservative-liberal parties or parties with conservative-liberal factions
- Austria: Freedom Party[3]
- Canada: Progressive Conservative Party
- Czecia: Civic Democratic Alliance
- France: Democratic Republican Alliance, National Centre of Independents and Peasants and Independent Republicans/Republican Party/Liberal Democracy
- Germany: National Liberal Party and German People's Party
- Italy: Italian Liberal Party[3], Forza Italia
- Romania: Liberal Democratic Party
- Slovenia: National Progressive Party
- Switzerland: Liberal Party[3][6]
References
- ^ a b c http://www.wikipolitique.fr/Libéralisme_conservateur
- ^ http://www.parties-and-elections.de/contents.html
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k M. Gallagher, M. Laver and P. Mair, Representative Government in Europe, p. 221.
- ^ R.T. Allen, Beyond Liberalism, p. 2.
- ^ R.T. Allen, Beyond Liberalism, p. 13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i http://www.parties-and-elections.de/countries.html
- ^ R.B. Andeweg and G.A. Irwin, Government & Politics in the Netherlands, 2002, Palgrave, p. 48.
See also
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