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In a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of persons united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power. Typically, the final goal is to gain power through a revolutionary coup d'état or through assassination.
A conspiracy is to be contrasted with a cabal. The two are similar but have quite different connotations; in contrast to a cabal, a conspiracy usually looks to overthrow a fixed power instead of usurping it from within.
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Notable political conspiracies
- The Catiline conspiracies in the first century BC.
- A group of Roman senators, calling itself the Liberatores, hoped to restore the Roman Republic by killing Julius Caesar in 44 BC.
- The Pisonian conspiracy AD 65.
- The Pazzi conspiracy, which included the Pope, of the late 1400s.
- The Main Plot of 1603
- The Bye Plot of 1603
- The Gunpowder Plot of 1605
- The Anjala conspiracy of 1788
- The conspiracy of 1865 to assassinate U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and members of his cabinet
- The French government's attempted cover-up following Émile Zola's accusations in the Dreyfus Affair, starting in 1894.
- The 1903 efforts by the Tsar's secret police to foment anti-Semitism by presenting The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as an authentic text.[1]
- The 1933 Business Plot - Fascists Coup d'eta attempt in USA
- The 1939 Operation Himmler and its Gleiwitz incident - False Flag Terrorism by Nazi-Germany in order to get a pretext for Invasion of Poland
- The 1939 Shelling of Mainila, False Flag Terrorism by USSR in order to get a pretext for Winter War
- CIA Operation Mockingbird, from 1948. In 1976, then CIA director George H. W. Bush ordered that paid media recruiting would be prohibited.
- The 1942 Wannsee Conference, 3rd Reich Nazis related to Final Solution.
- The 1945 OSS Operation Paperclip, the extraction of top Nazi scientists (incl. SS nazi Party members).
- CIA MKULTRA mind control program, from 1953 to late 1960s
- The 1954 'Lavon affair'- Operation Susannah; False Flag Terrorism by Mossad
- The 1962 CIA Operation Northwoods
- CIA Project Cherry, United States non-stop attempt to Assassinate Norodom Sihanouk
- The 1969 Manson Family murders
- The 1972 Watergate burglary and cover-up scandals
- The 1980 October surprise
- The 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
- The 1987 Iran-Contra Affair
- The 1995 Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway
- The Enron manipulation of the California Electricity Market during the California electricity crisis
- The Mafia
- Various CIA involvements in overseas coups d'état
- The 1991 Testimony of Nayirah before the U.S. Congress to rally the support of the U.S. public to launch the Gulf War
- The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male[2]
- The General Motors streetcar conspiracy[3]
- The plot by some gaullists of the French Secret Service to destabilise future president Georges Pompidou, known as the Markovic affair
- The series of incidents in Italy connected to the so called "strategy of tension"
- CIA Operation Gladio, a NATO 'stay-behind' Operation
- The 2000 CIA Operation Merlin
- The 2002 Downing Street Memo
- The 2002 September Dossier UK and USA Governments Lies and Forgeries to Justify invasion of Iraq
- The 2002 Yellowcake forgery
- The 2003 Iraq and weapons of mass destruction reports in order to get a United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 pretext to Iraq War
- The 2003 Iraq Dossier
- The 2003 Plame Affair
- The 2003 Mobile weapons laboratory Forgeries by Government of Unites States of America to justify Iraq War
See also
References
- ^ "Jews and Politics in the Twentieth Century: From the Bund to the Rise of the Nazis". Judaica in the Collections of the Hoover Institution Archives. Hoover Institution, Stanford University. 2004. http://www.hoover.org/hila/judaica3.htm. Retrieved 2006-04-28.
- ^ Hodapp, Christopher L. and VonKannon, Alice, Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies, Wiley, 2008, ISBN 978-0470184080, p333
- ^ Hodapp, Christopher L. and VonKannon, Alice, Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies, Wiley, 2008, ISBN 978-0470184080, p334
External Links
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