The Cordillera Blanca (Spanish for "White Range") is a mountain range in the Ancash Region of Peru. It is part of the larger Andes range and includes thirty three major peaks over 5,500 metres (18,040 ft) high in an area 21 kilometres (13 mi) wide and 180 kilometres (112 mi) long.
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Overview
The highest mountain in Peru, Huascarán (6,768 m), is located here. Huascarán National Park, established in 1975, encompasses almost the entire range of the Cordillera Blanca.
In 1966, the Alpamayo mountain was declared "World's Most Beautiful Mountain" by an international survey lead by Tonni Hiebler (former climber) on May 1966 in Münich.
Snow melt from the Cordillera Blanca has provided Peru with its year-round water supplies, while 80% of Peru's power comes from hydroelectricity. With global warming, the area of permanent ice pack shrank by about a third between the 1970s and 2006.[1]
Peaks
If you take a 400m re-ascent criterion for selecting separate peaks then there are sixteen 6000m peaks in the Cordillera Blanca, and a further seventeen peaks over 5500m[2]. Huascaran Sur, the highest peak, has two commonly quoted heights - 6746m from the Peruvian IGM map, and 6768 from the OEAV survey map[3].
A small selection of the more famous peaks are listed below.
| Mountain | Elevation |
|---|---|
| Huascarán Sur | 6,768 m (22,200 ft) |
| Huascarán Norte | 6,655 m (21,830 ft) |
| Huandoy Norte | 6,395 m (20,980 ft) |
| Nevado Huantsan | 6,395 m (20,980 ft) |
| Chopicalqui | 6,354 m (20,850 ft) |
| Copa | 6,188 m (20,300 ft) |
| Hualcan | 6,122 m (20,090 ft) |
| Chacraraju | 6,112 m (20,050 ft) |
| Artesonraju | 5,999 m (19,680 ft) |
| Alpamayo | 5,947 m (19,510 ft) |
| Nevado Pisco | 5,752 m (18,870 ft) |
Glaciers
The glaciers of the Cordillera Blanca are very important to life in the valley of the Callejon de Huaylas. They provide water for the irrigation of the puna grasslands and keep the main Santa river free from drought the whole year. They also support the life of the hydroelectric powerstation of Cañón del Pato and form many beautiful lagoons. The estimated number of glaciers is 260. All of them are over 4000m above sea level; 185 are located on the western slopes and 75 on the eastern slopes.
As is the case with all of the Andean glaciers, the Cordillera Blanca has witnessed a major retreat of its glaciers during the 20th century due to global warming. Studies have show a retreat of over 15% since the 1970s.[4] Some glaciers, such as the Broggi Glacier, have disappeared altogether with many experts warning that all of the glaciers may be gone within the coming decades.
Lagoons
The Laguna Parón – the biggest in the Cordillera Blanca – is considered to be the most beautiful of all the lagoons created by the glaciers. It is located just north of Huandoy mountain, in Caraz. Its water coloration is a deep turquoise blue.
Other famous lagoons are the two in the Llanganuco valley: Laguna Chinancocha (female lagoon) and Laguna Orconcocha (male lagoon). These lagoons have green-turquoise water and are frequently visited by tourists. They are surrounded by quenoa forests at the foot of Huascarán. It is possible to drive the 25 km to these lagoons by a gravel road, leaving the Callejon de Huaylas highway near the re-built town of Yungay.
Under the snow peaks of Artesonraju and Alpamayo, there are two more beautiful lagoons: Laguna Santa Cruz Chica and Laguna Santa Cruz Grande. The only way to get to these two lagoons is by trekking or taking a horse from Caraz.
Hot Springs
In the Callejon de Huaylas, there are no fewer than 22 hot springs, of which Monterrey, at 2073m above sea level, stands out because of its tourist infrastructure. It has swimming pools and individual and family ponds. Its sodium chloride water gets up to 49 °C. They are prescribed for rheumatic conditions, chronic nervousness, palsy, etc.
There are more basic hot springs at Chancos (30 km north of Huaraz), Chavín, Mancos, Pomabamba, Andamarca, Jocos, Tablachaca, Pato, Olleros and Llaclla.
See also
References
- Sources consulted
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007) |
- Endnotes
- ^ Painter, James (2007-03-12). ""Peru's alarming water truth"". BBC News Online: Americas. News.BBC.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2007-03-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20070314183817/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6412351.stm.
- ^ Biggar, John et al.. ""Andes Peak Lists"". Andes.. http://www.andes.org.uk/andes-information-files/peak-lists.asp.
- ^ Jonathan de Ferranti et al.. ""South American Prominence Lists"". Peaklist.org.. http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/peru.html.
- ^ Lynas, Mark: High tide: the truth about our climate crisis, pg. 230, ISBN 978-0312303655
External links
- Map of Cordillera Blanca
- Map of Cordillera Huayhuash
- Peak Lists for the Andes, including Peruvian Peaks
Coordinates: 9°10′S 77°35′W / 9.167°S 77.583°W
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