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Please expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French Wikipedia. (December 2009) After translating, {{Translated|fr|Phare de Cordouan}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance.Translation instructions · Translate via Google |
| Cordouan lighthouse | |
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 Architectural drawing of the Cordouan lighthouse. |
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| Location: | Ile de Cordouan, France |
| Coordinates | 45°35′12″N 1°10′18″W / 45.58667°N 1.17167°WCoordinates: 45°35′12″N 1°10′18″W / 45.58667°N 1.17167°W |
| Year first lit: | 1611 |
| Construction: | Stone |
| Tower shape: | Round |
| Height: | 213 ft/68 metres |
| Original lens: | First order Fresnel lens |
Cordouan is a lighthouse located 7 km at sea, geographically located near the mouth of the Gironde estuary in France.
The Tour de Cordouan, the 'Patriarch of Lighthouses', is by far the oldest lighthouse in France. It was designed by leading Paris architect Louis de Foix, and is something of a Renaissance masterpiece, an amalgam of royal palace, cathedral and fort. Started in 1584 and finished in 1611, it still stands today.
De Foix first built a round base 135 feet in diameter and 8 feet high to take the onslaught of the waves. Within it was a cavity 20 feet square for storing water and other supplies. Above it were constructed four storeys of diminishing size. The ground floor consisted of a circular tower 50 feet in diameter, with apartments for four keepers around its inner wall. In the centre was richly decorated entrance hall 22 feet square and 20 feet high. The second storey was the King's Apartment, consisting of a drawing room, ante-room and a number of closets. The third storey was a chapel with a domed roof notable for the beauty of its mosaic. Above this was secondary lantern, and above that the Lantern itself. This was 162 feet above the sea and visible 5–6 miles away, the original light being provided by burning oak chips in a metal container.
Throughout the building, de Foix took as much trouble with the decor as with the durability of the building, and on every floor was a profusion of gilt, carved work, elegantly arched doorways and statuary.
Small beacon towers had existed on the islet since 880, but the first proper structure was implemented by Edward, the Black Prince, since Guienne was then an English province. It was 48 feet high, with a platform on top where a wood fire could be kept burning, and manned by a religious hermit. Passing ships paid two groats to pass - the first known instance of lighthouse dues. In addition to the tower, a small chapel was built on the islet. However, by the second half of the 16th century the tower had fallen into disrepair and the hazard to navigation threatened the Bordeaux wine trade. This led to the construction of the current Tour de Cordouan.
It was made a historical monument in 1862, at the same time as Notre-Dame de Paris. The first Fresnel lens used in a lighthouse was installed here in 1823, to be replaced by the present lens in 1854.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cordouan lighthouse |
- Cordouan Information (French)
- Cordouan Information
- The Red Rocks of Eddystone Fred Majdalany, Longmans, 1959.
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1907 edition of The Nuttall Encyclopædia.
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