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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Cushing reaction. (Discuss) |
The Cushing reflex, describes a nervous system response to severe cerebral ischemia. It was first described by American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing in 1902. The Cushing reflex is manifested clinically in Cushing's triad.
When MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) is less than ICP (Intracranial Pressure), the hypothalamus increases sympathetic stimulation of the heart, resulting in vasoconstriction, increased contractility, and increased cardiac output. The increase in blood pressure is detected by baroreceptors in the carotid arteries, triggering a parasympathetic response via vagal stimulation and inducing bradycardia. Bradycardia may also be stimulated by impinging on the vagal nerve due to increased intracranial pressure causing a stimulate parasympathetic response.
The Cushing reflex is usually seen in the terminal stages of acute head injury and may indicate imminent herniation. It can also be seen after the intravenous administration of norepinephrine and similar drugs.[citation needed]
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