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Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (Arabic: خادم الحرمين الشريفين khādim al-ḥaramain al-šarīfain), a historical term, was a pious title taken by the Ayyubids, Mamluk Sultans of Egypt, the Ottoman Sultans and which has been revived by modern Saudi kings.
Saudi monarchy
It is most known today as the title taken by the King of Saudi Arabia in his role as protector of the two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, which had traditionally been the role of the Caliph.
The first Saudi king to assume the title was Fahd bin Abdul Aziz in 1986. The reigning king, Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, has taken the same title after the death of King Fahd, his half brother, in 2005.
King Fahd replaced the term "His Majesty" with "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" because it was said that God alone is All-Majestic.
See also
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