CXCL9: Information from Answers.com

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9

Identifiers

CXCL9; CMK; Humig; MIG; SCYB9; crg-10

External IDs

OMIM: 601704 MGI: 1352449 HomoloGene: 1813

Gene ontology
Molecular function:	• chemokine activity
Cellular component:	• extracellular region • extracellular space
Biological process:	• chemotaxis • inflammatory response • immune response • cellular defense response • signal transduction • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • cell-cell signaling

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

n/a

Refseq

NM_002416 (mRNA)
NP_002407 (protein)

NM_008599 (mRNA)
NP_032625 (protein)

Location

Chr 4: 77.14 - 77.15 Mb

Chr 5: 93.4 - 93.4 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG). CXCL9 is a T-cell chemoattractant, which is induced by IFN-γ. It is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4.^[1]^[2] CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 all elicit their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3.^[3]

References

^ Lee HH, Farber JM (1996). "Localization of the gene for the human MIG cytokine on chromosome 4q21 adjacent to INP10 reveals a chemokine "mini-cluster"". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 74 (4): 255–8. doi:10.1159/000134428. PMID 8976378.
^ O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 84 (1-2): 39–42. doi:10.1159/000015209. PMID 10343098.
^ Tensen CP, Flier J, Van Der Raaij-Helmer EM, Sampat-Sardjoepersad S, Van Der Schors RC, Leurs R, Scheper RJ, Boorsma DM, Willemze R (1999). "Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3)". J. Invest. Dermatol. 112 (5): 716–22. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00581.x. PMID 10233762.

Farber JM (1990). "A macrophage mRNA selectively induced by gamma-interferon encodes a member of the platelet factor 4 family of cytokines.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (14): 5238–42. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5238. PMID 2115167.
Liao F, Rabin RL, Yannelli JR, et al. (1995). "Human Mig chemokine: biochemical and functional characterization.". J. Exp. Med. 182 (5): 1301–14. doi:10.1084/jem.182.5.1301. PMID 7595201.
Farber JM (1993). "HuMig: a new human member of the chemokine family of cytokines.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 192 (1): 223–30. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1403. PMID 8476424.
Lee HH, Farber JM (1997). "Localization of the gene for the human MIG cytokine on chromosome 4q21 adjacent to INP10 reveals a chemokine "mini-cluster".". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 74 (4): 255–8. doi:10.1159/000134428. PMID 8976378.
Weng Y, Siciliano SJ, Waldburger KE, et al. (1998). "Binding and functional properties of recombinant and endogenous CXCR3 chemokine receptors.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (29): 18288–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.29.18288. PMID 9660793.
Erdel M, Laich A, Utermann G, et al. (1998). "The human gene encoding SCYB9B, a putative novel CXC chemokine, maps to human chromosome 4q21 like the closely related genes for MIG (SCYB9) and INP10 (SCYB10).". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 81 (3-4): 271–2. doi:10.1159/000015043. PMID 9730616.
Jenh CH, Cox MA, Kaminski H, et al. (1999). "Cutting edge: species specificity of the CC chemokine 6Ckine signaling through the CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3: human 6Ckine is not a ligand for the human or mouse CXCR3 receptors.". J. Immunol. 162 (7): 3765–9. PMID 10201891.
Rabin RL, Park MK, Liao F, et al. (1999). "Chemokine receptor responses on T cells are achieved through regulation of both receptor expression and signaling.". J. Immunol. 162 (7): 3840–50. PMID 10201901.
Tensen CP, Flier J, Van Der Raaij-Helmer EM, et al. (1999). "Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3).". J. Invest. Dermatol. 112 (5): 716–22. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00581.x. PMID 10233762.
Shields PL, Morland CM, Salmon M, et al. (1999). "Chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions provide a mechanism for selective T cell recruitment to specific liver compartments within hepatitis C-infected liver.". J. Immunol. 163 (11): 6236–43. PMID 10570316.
Jinquan T, Jing C, Jacobi HH, et al. (2000). "CXCR3 expression and activation of eosinophils: role of IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma.". J. Immunol. 165 (3): 1548–56. PMID 10903763.
Loetscher P, Pellegrino A, Gong JH, et al. (2001). "The ligands of CXC chemokine receptor 3, I-TAC, Mig, and IP10, are natural antagonists for CCR3.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (5): 2986–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005652200. PMID 11110785.
Romagnani P, Annunziato F, Lazzeri E, et al. (2001). "Interferon-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by interferon gamma, and interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant are produced by thymic epithelial cells and attract T-cell receptor (TCR) alphabeta+ CD8+ single-positive T cells, TCRgammadelta+ T cells, and natural killer-type cells in human thymus.". Blood 97 (3): 601–7. PMID 11157474.
Dwinell MB, Lügering N, Eckmann L, Kagnoff MF (2001). "Regulated production of interferon-inducible T-cell chemoattractants by human intestinal epithelial cells.". Gastroenterology 120 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1053/gast.2001.20914. PMID 11208713.
Lambeir AM, Proost P, Durinx C, et al. (2001). "Kinetic investigation of chemokine truncation by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV reveals a striking selectivity within the chemokine family.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (32): 29839–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103106200. PMID 11390394.
Stoof TJ, Flier J, Sampat S, et al. (2001). "The antipsoriatic drug dimethylfumarate strongly suppresses chemokine production in human keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.". Br. J. Dermatol. 144 (6): 1114–20. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04220.x. PMID 11422029.
Campbell JD, Stinson MJ, Simons FE, et al. (2001). "In vivo stability of human chemokine and chemokine receptor expression.". Hum. Immunol. 62 (7): 668–78. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00260-9. PMID 11423172.
Scapini P, Laudanna C, Pinardi C, et al. (2001). "Neutrophils produce biologically active macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (MIP-3alpha)/CCL20 and MIP-3beta/CCL19.". Eur. J. Immunol. 31 (7): 1981–8. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<1981::AID-IMMU1981>3.0.CO;2-X. PMID 11449350.
Gillitzer R (2001). "Inflammation in human skin: a model to study chemokine-mediated leukocyte migration in vivo.". J. Pathol. 194 (4): 393–4. doi:10.1002/1096-9896(200108)194:4<393::AID-PATH907>3.0.CO;2-7. PMID 11523044.
Romagnani P, Rotondi M, Lazzeri E, et al. (2002). "Expression of IP-10/CXCL10 and MIG/CXCL9 in the thyroid and increased levels of IP-10/CXCL10 in the serum of patients with recent-onset Graves' disease.". Am. J. Pathol. 161 (1): 195–206. PMID 12107104.

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Cell signaling: cytokines

By family

Interleukin

IL-1 superfamily	1 (1Ra) · 18 · 33

IL-6 like/gp130 using	6 · 11 · 27 · 30 · 31 (+non IL Oncostatin M, Leukemia inhibitory factor, Ciliary neurotrophic factor, Cardiotrophin 1)

IL-10 family	10 · 19 · 20 · 22 · 24 · 26

Interferon type III	28 · 29

Common γ-chain family	2/15 · 3 · 4 · 7 · 9 · 13 · 21

IL-12 family	12 · 23 · 27 · 35

Other	5 · 8 · 14 · 16 · 17/25 (A) · 32

Chemokine

CCL	1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28

CXCL	1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17

CX3CL	1

XCL	1 · 2

TNF

Main	TNF-alpha

TNF (ligand) superfamily	4-1BB ligand · B-cell activating factor · FAS ligand · Lymphotoxin · OX40L · RANKL · TRAIL

Cluster of differentiation	CD70 · CD153 · CD154

Interferon

I	alpha (Pegylated 2a, Pegylated 2b), beta (1a, 1b)

II	Gamma

III	28 · 29

Other

Monokine · Lymphokine (Lymphotoxin, Transfer factor) · Growth factor · Hematopoietic (Stem cell factor, Colony-stimulating factor) · Autocrine motility factor · Osteopontin

By function

proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1, TNF-alpha) · T_h1 (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-beta) T_h2 (interleukin 4, interleukin 5, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, interleukin 13)

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CXCL9

References

Further reading