The toxic quinolizidine alkaloid in laburnum (Laburnum anagyroides), Retama retam and broom (Cytisus scoparius) trees.
| Veterinary Dictionary: cytisine |
The toxic quinolizidine alkaloid in laburnum (Laburnum anagyroides), Retama retam and broom (Cytisus scoparius) trees.
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| Wikipedia: Cytisine |
| Cytisine | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name |
(1R,5S)- 1,2,3,4,5,6- hexahydro- 1,5-methano- 8H-pyrido [1,2a] [1,5] diazocin- 8-one
|
| Other names | Cytisine Baptitoxine Sophorine |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 485-35-8 |
| SMILES |
O=c1cccc2C3CNCC(C3)Cn21
|
| InChI |
1/C11H14N2O/c14-
11-3-1-2-10-9-4-8 (5-12-6-9)7-13(10) 11/h1-3,8-9,12H,4-7H2 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C11H14N2O |
| Molar mass | 190.24 g/mol |
| Melting point |
152-153 °C |
| Boiling point |
218 °C at 2 mmHg |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
|
| Infobox references | |
Cytisine is a pyridine-like alkaloid that can be toxic in high doses. Pharmacologically it exhibits similar effects to nicotine due to structural similarity of the two molecules. In large doses it can interfere with respiration and become fatal.
Contents |
Plants that contain the alkaloid in various concentrations include those from several genera of the Faboideae subfamily, including Laburnum, Anagyris, Thermopsis, Cytisus, Genista and Sophora. Also present in Gymnocladus of the Caesalpinioideae subfamily.
Māmane (Sophora chrysophylla) can contain amounts of cytisine that are lethal to most animals. The palila (a bird) and Uresiphita polygonalis virescens as well as
Cytisine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, and as a pharmaceutical preparation it is available for the treatment of nicotinism. Cytisine derivative varenicline was approved in 2006 as a smoking cessation drug. A 2006 literature review concludes that while trials performed with cytisine itself are mostly of poor quality, there is some evidence that cytisine may be prescribed to aid in smoking cessation.[1]
Plants containing cytisine, including the Common Broom and Mescalbean have also been used recreationally. Positive effects are reported to include a mild intoxication and heightened awareness of color. However this practice is not recommended since negative side-effects can include nausea, vomiting, convulsions, heart pain, headache and in larger doses even death via respiratory failure.
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| Spartium junceum | |
| Retama retam | |
| Cytisus |
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![]() | Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more | |
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