The Dorbod or Dörbet (Mongolian: Дөрвөд - Dörvöd) are one of the four major sub-tribes of the Oirat people. In early times, the Dörbet and the Dzungars were ruled by collateral branches of the Choros. The Dörbets are distributed among the Western part of Mongolian state, Kalmykia, and small portion in Heilongjiang, PRC. In Mongolia, Dörbets are centered in the Uvs aimag.
History
A Dörben clan existed within the Mongol tribe in the 12-13th centuries; but their relation with the Dörböd (Dörbets) is unclear. However, the Dörbets appeared in the early 15th century as part of the Four Oirats.
In the 17th century, the leader of Dörbet was Baatar Dalai Taishi (d.1637). In order to unite the Oirad Mongols, Dalai Taishi used the method of marriage of convenience; Dalai Taishi and Khoshut leader Güshi Khan married the Torgut and Kho Orluk sisters.[Ref 1] During the Dalai Taishi period (circa 1625), the Oirad tribes lived in harmony.
In 1616, Dalai Taishi established diplomatic relation with the Tsardom of Russia. The next year Dalai Taishi's son Solom Tseren joined the Kalmyks on the Volga with 4,000 households. In 1699 a body of the Dorbeds joined the Don Cossacks, eventually becoming the Buzava Kalmyks. Trapped west of the Volga, the Dorbeds could not join the 1771 flight of the Torguds, and hence dominated the remaining Kalmyks. In the early 19th century, they had split into the Lesser Dorbeds (Baga Dorbod), living in northern Kalmykia and the Greater Dorbeds (Ikh Dorbod), living around Lake Manych-Gudilo.
Meanwhile, the Dorbeds in the Oirat homeland remained major tribe of the Zunghars. In 1753 three chiefs of them submitted to the Qing Dynasty. They were resettled first in Bayankhongor Province, and then in Uvs Province in 1759. They formed into 16 banners of the Sain Zayaatu Leagues. The Dorbed nobility's 15,000 subjects included Bayads and a small number of Khotongs.
From the 1880's, the Khalkha influenced the Dorbed socio-economic trends. The Kalmyk Dambijantsan headed the anti-communist disturbances; and separatist feeling had remained strong until 1930's. The Dorbeds in Mongolia numbered 55,200 in 1989.
References
- ^ Nashun Dalai, 那顺达来 (Mongols) (master degree); [|Baoyin Deligen 宝音德力根 (Mongols) (tutor)]; Wu-yun-bi-li-ge 乌云毕力格 (Mongols) (tutor) (2004), The Study on the Oyirad Durbet Tribe, Inner Mongolia University (degree paper), doi:, http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/Detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD2004&filename=2004105920.nh&filetitle=%E5%8D%AB%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6
See also
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