damascene

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damascene

(© School Division, Houghton Mifflin Company)

1. Of or relating to damascening.
2. Of or relating to damask.

[French damasquiner, from damasquin, of Damascus, from Latin Damascēnus, from Greek Damaskēnos, from Damaskos, Damascus.]

Original name for damson.

Capital of Syria, in ancient times mentioned in Akkadian and Egyptian documents as an important caravan center at a fertile oasis in Southern Syria. The geographical position of Damascus, dominating the major trade routes, brought it economic prosperity in the biblical period (II Kgs 5:12; Ezek 27:18 mentions its trade in wine and wool). The patriarchal narratives mention the city (Gen 14:15; 15:2). The desert oasis of Damascus became an important center for the Arameans at the end of the second millennium, and for some time was powerful enough to compete with Assyria. The city was captured and subjugated by David, during his campaigns against the Aramean confederation (II Sam 8:5-6; I Chr 18:5-6). It was conquered by Rezon, a former subject of the king of Zobah, who cast off Israelite sovereignty during Solomon's reign and made it the capital of the kingdom of Aram-Damascus (I Kgs 11:23ff), which henceforth was often in conflict with Israel. It remained the capital until its destruction by the Assyrians in 732 B.C., reaching its height in the 9th century as an important political, economic and cultural center. Ben-Hadad I of Aram-Damascus broke his alliance with Baasha of Israel to make a league with Asa of Judah (I Kgs 15:18ff). Damascus was forced to grant Israelite merchants special rights in the city, as indicated by King Ben-Hadad II's submision to Ahab of Israel (I Kgs 20:34). This same Ben-Haded and his son Hadadezer fought against Ahab, who fell in battle at Ramoth Gilead in 853 B.C. (I Kgs chap. 22). Hazael killed Ben-Hadad III (II Kgs 8:7-15), who was succeeded by Ben-Hadad IV; the latter conquered almost all the northern kingdom of Israel, and his siege of Samaria was lifted only through the intervention of Elisha (II Kgs 6:24ff). The Assyrian king Shalmaneser IV, weakened Damascus sufficiently to allow Jeroboam II, king of Israel, to impose his rule over it in 773 B.C. (II Kgs 14:28). During the Syro-Ephraimite War, Rezin of Damascus allied with Pekah of Israel against Ahaz of Judah, who in turn called upon Tiglath-Pileser III, king of Assyria, who captured Damascus (732 B.C.), carried the inhabitants captive to Kir and killed Rezin (II Kgs 16:5-9; Is 7:1-8; Amos 1:3-5) thereby reducing the city to the status of an Assyrian provincial center.

From the Assyrians, Damascus passed to the Chaldeans, from them to the Persians and then to the Macedonian Greeks. The city is mentioned several times in the Hasmonean era in connection with the conquests of Jonathan (II Macc 11:62). It was captured by the Roman general, Pompey, in 64 B.C. In NT times, a large and important Jewish community existed in Damascus, as did a Christian group. Saul (Paul) of Tarsus, while en route to persecute the Christians of the city, was smitten to the earth (Acts 9:2-3, 8-10; 22:6, 10-12; 26:12) and he escaped his Jewish enemies by being let down from the walls in a basket (Acts 9:24-25; 26:20; Gal 1:17). In Paul's day, the city was in the hands of Aretas, king of Arabia Petrea (II Cor 11:32). On the eve of the Roman war (A.D. 66) the Jews of Damascus were murdered by the Gentile inhabitants.

Concordance
Gen 14:15; 15:2. II Sam 8:5-6. I Kgs 11:24; 15:18; 19:15; 20:34.8:7, 9; 14:28; 16:9-12. I Chr 18:5-6. II Chr 16:2; 24:23; 28:5, 23. Song 7:4. Is 7:8; 8:4; 10:9; 17:1,3. Jer 49:23-24, 27. Ezek 27:18; 47:16-18; 48:1. Amos 1:3, 5; 5:27. Zech 9:1. Acts 9:2-3, 8, 10,19, 22, 27; 22:5-6, 10-11; 26:12, 20. IICor 11:32. Gal 1:17

Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - damascere
n. - person fra Damaskus, damasceret genstand
adj. - damasceret

Nederlands (Dutch)
Damascener, damastpruim, damasceren

Français (French)
v. tr. - damasquiner
n. - damasquinage
adj. - damasquiné

Deutsch (German)
adj. - damaszenisch
n. - Damaszener, Damaszierung (Metallzeichnung)
v. - damaszieren

Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - δαμασκηνός, της Δαμασκού, διακοσμημένος με σύρματα χρυσού ή άλλων μετάλλων
n. - δαμασκηνό, αντικείμενο διακοσμημένο με σύρματα χρυσού ή άλλων μετάλλων

Italiano (Italian)
intarsiare, damaschinatura, damaschino

Português (Portuguese)
adj. - damasceno
n. - dasmasceno (m)

Русский (Russian)
насекать золотом/серебром, житель фамаска, дамасский

Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - damasquinar
n. - damasquinado
adj. - damasquino, damasceno

Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - damaskus-
n. - krikon, plommon

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
加波纹, 刻花纹, 波纹, 颗粒状花纹制品, 有波纹的, 有颗粒状花纹的

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 加波紋, 刻花紋
n. - 波紋, 顆粒狀花紋製品
adj. - 有波紋的, 有顆粒狀花紋的

한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - (금속에) 금,은을 상감하다, (칼날이) 물결 무늬를 띠게 하다
n. - 문체, 물결 무늬
adj. - 다마스쿠스[사람]의

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - ダマスク織りの, ダマスカスの, ダマスク鋼の
n. - ダマスカス, ダマシーン
v. - 金銀を象眼する, 食刻装飾する

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(صفه) دمشقي, خاص بدمشق أو بالفن الدمشقي (الاسم) الدمشقي, دمشقي الجنسيه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮קישט מתכת ע"י חריטה או שיבוץ מתכות יקרות‬
n. - ‮פריט שיוצר בדרך זו‬
adj. - ‮מקושט, מעוטר‬

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