Decarburization is the process opposite to carburization, namely aimed at decreasing the content of carbon in metals (usually steel). Higher grade steel is achieved when carbon content of a steel melt is increased.
Decarburization is also a selective leaching type of corrosion when carbon is preferentially removed from the surface of the alloy. One of the mechanisms is high temperature hydrogen attack, when hydrogen reacts with carbon and carbides, resulting in loss of strength and ductility and formation of internal fissures. (Cf. hydrogen embrittlement.)
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