Sports Science and Medicine:
deep spinal muscles
Muscles with their proximal attachments on the posterior processes of all vertebrae and the posterior of the sacrum, and with their distal attachments on the neural spines, transverse processes, and laminae of all the vertebrae below their proximal attachments. The deep spinal muscles include the multifidus, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversii, and levatores costarum. Their primary actions are extension, lateral flexion, and rotation (to the opposite side) of the spine.
