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Delaware Colony was an English colony in North America. It was part of the Middle Colonies.
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From the early Dutch settlement in 1631 to the colony’s rule by Pennsylvania in 1682, the land that later became the U.S. state of Delaware changed hands many times. Because of this, Delaware became a very heterogeneous society made up of individuals who were both religiously and culturally diverse.[citation needed]
During his voyage in 1609 to locate the Northwest Passage to Asia for the Dutch, Henry Hudson sailed into what now is the Delaware Bay. He would name it the South River, but this would later change after Samuel Argall discovered the river in 1610 after being blown off course. Argall would later rename the river Delaware, after his governor, Lord De La Warr.[1]
Neither the Dutch nor the English showed any early interest in establishing any kind of settlement of this land. The first true attempt to settle the land came in 1631 when the Dutch sent a group of twenty-eight men to build a fort inside Cape Henlopen on Lewes Creek.[2] This first colony was established in order to take advantage of the large whale population and produce whale oil. However, by 1632, the entire colony was massacred by the native Indians because of misunderstandings.[2]
New Sweden Company
In March 1638, the Swedish colony of New Sweden was the first permanent settlement of Delaware. The Kalmar Nyckel anchored at a rocky point on the Minquas Kill that is known today as Swedes' Landing.[2] The New Sweden Company was organized and overseen by Clas Larsson Fleming, a Swedish admiral and administrator. Samuel Blommaert, a Flemish director of the Dutch West India Company assisted the fitting-out and appointed Peter Minuit to lead the expedition.[3]
The first outpost of the Swedish settlement was named Fort Christina after Queen Christina of Sweden. Governor Johan Björnsson Printz administered the colony from 1643 until 1653. He was succeeded by Johan Classon Risingh, the last governor of New Sweden.[1] The end of the Swedish rule came during September 1655. Peter Stuyvesant, with a Dutch fleet, captured the Swedish forts, thus establishing control of the colony. New Amstel was made the center for fur trading and the colony’s administration headquarters.[1]
In 1674, after James, Duke of York, captured New Amsterdam, Sir Robert Carr was sent to the Delaware River. He took over New Amstel and renamed it New Castle.[2] This effectively ended the Dutch rule of the colony and, for that matter, ended their claims to any land in colonial North America. Delaware was governed from New York by a Deputy of the Duke of York from 1664 to 1682.[2]
William Penn
The area now known as Delaware was originally owned by William Penn, the Quaker owner of Pennsylvania. In contemporary documents from the early Revolutionary period, the area is generally referred to as "The Three Lower Counties on the Delaware River" (Lower Counties on Delaware) or by the names of the three counties. The term "Lower Counties" refers to the fact that New Castle, Kent, and Sussex were lower, or farther downstream, on the Delaware River than the counties constituting Pennsylvania proper. The Delaware River itself was named for Thomas West, Lord De La Warr, the second governor of Virginia.
After William Penn was granted the province of Pennsylvania by King Charles II in 1681, he asked for and later received the lands of Delaware from the Duke of York.[1] Penn had a very hard time governing Delaware because the population was made up of a diverse mixture of ethnicities. He attempted to merge the governments of Pennsylvania and the lower counties of Delaware. Representatives from both areas clashed heavily and in 1701 Penn agreed in having two separate assemblies. Delawareans would meet in New Castle and Pennsylvanians would gather in Philadelphia.[2] Delaware continued to be a melting pot of sorts and was home to Swedes, Finns, Dutch, French, and some English.
References
- ^ a b c d State of Delaware (A Brief History). State of Delaware. 2007-01-21.
- ^ a b c d e f Faragher, John Mack, ed. (1990) The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America. New York: Sachem Publishing Associates, Inc., pp. 106-108.
- ^ A History of the Kalmar Nyckel and a New Look at New Sweden by John R.Henderson [1]
Other Sources
- Johnson Amandus. The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638-1664 (Philadelphia: Swedish Colonial Society, 1911)
- Weslager, C. A. A Man and His Ship: Peter Minuit and the Kalmar Nyckel ( Kalmar Nyckel Foundation. Wilmington, Delaware. 1989)
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