Diairesis (or dihairesis, or diaeresis; Greek: διαίρεσις) is used as a technical term in Platonic and Stoic philosophy.
Plato's method of definition
Diairesis is a method of definition based on divisions which occurs in the Platonic dialogues Phaedrus, Sophist, Statesman and Philebus. It is a means of reaching a definition by which a large group is continually divided into relatively equal parts until the definition has been found.
A complementary term is merismos (cf. English merism, Latin partitio: parsing or the distinguishing of parts, as opposed to diairesis, which is the division of a genus into its parts).
Here is an example of the use of diairesis in the Sophist. At 235b, the Eleatic Stranger is examining illusions, which consist of words and "visual objects." By using diairesis, he divides visual objects, by which it becomes clear he means works of art, into two categories: eikastikē technē, the art of making likenesses or eikones; and phantastikē technē, the art of creating illusionary appearances. The Stranger is much more fond of the former; the latter are only created to produce an appearance of beauty.
The method of diairesis was taken up and developed by Plato's nephew and successor Speusippus.[1]
Notes
- ^ See John Dillon (1998). "Speusippus." In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/A111SECT3
External links
- Method and Metaphysics in Plato's Sophist and Statesman, by Mary Louise Gill (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
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