- The act of disputing; debate.
- An academic exercise consisting of a formal debate or an oral defense of a thesis.
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noun
In the scholastic system of education of the Middle Ages, disputations (in Latin: disputationes, singular: disputatio) offered a formalized method of debate designed to uncover and establish "truths" in theology and in other sciences. Fixed rules governed the process: they demanded dependence on traditional written authorities and the thorough understanding of each argument on each side.
A significant category of disputations took place between Christian and Jewish theologians in order to convince Jews to convert. Often the Christian side was represented by a recent convert from Judaism. Christians believed that only the refusal of the Jews to accept Christ stood in the way of the Second Coming. The only way for the Jewish side to 'win' was to force a draw by drawing the Christian side into a position in which it was necessary to deny the Old Testament to win, committing heresy. According to Michael J. Cook, "Since 'winning' a debate could well jeopardize the security of the Jewish community at large, political considerations certainly entered into what Jewish disputants publicly said or refrained from saying. ... Official transcripts of these proceedings, moreover, may not duplicate what actually transpired; in some places what they record was not the live action, as it were, but Christian polemical revision composed after the fact."[1]
The word disputation occurs only once in the King James Version of the Bible.
Today some universities practice scientific disputations. The oral defense of a thesis is called "disputation" in some countries.
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - diskussion, uenighed, disputats
Nederlands (Dutch)
aanvechting, dispuut
Français (French)
n. - débat, controverse, discussion, dispute (arch)
Deutsch (German)
n. - Streitgespräch, Streit
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - διαφωνία, αντιπαράθεση, αμφισβήτηση, διεκδίκηση
Italiano (Italian)
contestazione
Português (Portuguese)
n. - disputa (f), debate (m)
Русский (Russian)
спор, диспут, дебаты
Español (Spanish)
n. - disputa
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - dispyt, disputation
中文(简体) (Chinese (Simplified))
争论, 议论, 驳斥
中文(繁體) (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 爭論, 議論, 駁斥
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) جدل, نزاع
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - מחלוקת, ויכוח
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