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distance formula

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: distance formula
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Algebraic expression that gives the distances between pairs of points in terms of their coordinates (see coordinate system). In two- and three-dimensional Euclidean space, the distance formulas for points in rectangular coordinates are based on the Pythagorean theorem. The distance between the points (a,b) and (c,d) is given by √(a - c)2 + (b - d)2. In three dimensional space, the distance between the points (a, b, c) and (d, e, f) is √(a - d)2 + (b - e)2 + (c - f)2.

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