Tenochtitlán, looking east. From the mural painting at the National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City. Painted in 1930 by Dr. Atl.
Gerald Murillo (October 3, 1875 – August 15, 1964) was a Mexican painter and writer who signed his works "Dr. Atl". He was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, where he began the study of painting at an early age, under Felipe Castro. At the age of 21, Murillo entered the Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City to further his studies.
After showing his abilities, Murillo was granted a pension by President Porfirio Díaz to study painting in Europe. There he broadened his scope of learning, with study of philosophy and law at the University of Rome, and many trips to Paris to listen to lectures about art given by Henri Bergson. His strong interest in politics led him to collaborate with the Socialist Party in Italy and work in the Avanti newspaper. It was at this time that he was baptized "Dr. Atl" (the Nahuatl word for "water") by Leopoldo Lugones.
Dr. Atl became very active in Mexico when he returned. He led art exhibitions sponsoring such artists as Diego Rivera, Francisco de la Torre, and Rafael Ponce de Leon.
Dr. Atl then returned to Paris, where he analyzed the political aspects of Mexico. He founded a journal and wrote about the social and political issues of Mexico, and criticized Victoriano Huerta. Dr. Atl supported constitutionalists, leaning towards biblical socialism and promoting the growth of art, literature, and science.
Dr. Atl's love of the outdoors and his active nature are easily seen in his many paintings which portray the landscapes of his era. Among his interests was the study of volcanoes, and he spent much time climbing both Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl. A book he wrote in 1950, Cómo nace y crece un volcán, el Paricutín ("How a Volcano is Born and Grows – Paricutín"), told of his experience of witnessing the eruption of Paricutín in 1943. His time spent with volcanoes was the cause of a disease which led to the amputation of one of his legs.
His literary writings including Cuentos de todos los colores ("Stories of All Colors"), which focuses on the themes of the Mexican Revolution and has been hailed as one of the best narrations of that historical period. His book La Perla ("The Pearl") inspired the writing of the novella, much the same, by John Steinbeck.
Dr. Atl received numerous awards for his literature and art, including the National Arts Award in 1958 and the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor. He died in Mexico City in 1964.
He gave the Nahuatl name "Nahui Olin" (a symbol of Aztec renewal meaning "four movement," the symbol of earthquakes) to Carmen Mondragón (1893-1978), a Mexican poet and painter with whom he established a very intense love relationship which ended in hate. And blood.
Bibliography
- Bordan, Iain and Jane Rendell, eds. (2000). Intersections: Architectural Histories and Critical Theories. London: Routledge.
- Calderazzo, John (2004). "Rising fire : volcanoes and our inner lives". Guilford, CT: Lyons Press. p61 ff
- Cumberland, Charles (1957). "Dr. Atl and Venustiano Carranza." The Americas. 13.
- Espejo, Beatriz (1994). "Gerardo Murillo: El paisaje como pasion". Coyoacán, Mexico: Fondo Editorial de la Plastica Mexica.
- (1964). "Gerardo Murillo, Mexican Artist, 89." New York Times. August 16.
- Helm, Mckinley (1989). Modern Mexican Painters. New York: Harper Brothers.
- Patterson, Robert (1964). "An Art in Revolution: Antecedents of Mexican Mural Painting, 1900-1920." Journal of Inter-American Studies. 6.
- Pilcher, Jeffrey (2003). The Human Tradition in Mexico. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources.
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