Dunfermline

Coordinates: 56°04′19″N 3°26′21″W / 56.07192°N 3.43930°W / 56.07192; -3.43930

Dunfermline
Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phàrlain
Scots: Dunfermline
Auld Grey Toun [2]
Looking towards Dunfermline Abbey from The Glen (Pittencrieff Park)
Dunfermline shown within Scotland
Area	7.07 sq mi (18.3 km²)
Population	45,462 (town) [1] 100,342 (urban) [1]
- Density	1,498/sq mi (578/km²) [3]
OS grid reference	NT105875
Council area	Fife
Lieutenancy area	Fife
Constituent country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	DUNFERMLINE
Postcode district	KY11, KY12
Dialling code	01383
Police	Fife
Fire	Fife
Ambulance	Scottish
European Parliament	Scotland
UK Parliament	Dunfermline and West Fife
Scottish Parliament	Dunfermline West
	Mid Scotland and Fife
List of places: UK • Scotland

Dunfermline (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phàrlain) is a town in Fife, Scotland. The town located on high ground five miles from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth on the route of major road and rail crossings across the firth to Edinburgh and the south. Dunfermline has a population of 45,462, making this the second-largest settlement in Fife. The town also falls under the wider Dunfermline and West-Fife Local Plan area which has an overall total population of around 100,324.

Dunfermline was a Capital of Scotland, being an ancient seat of the kingdom's Royal Court and an important ecclesiastical centre. Its former abbey, now a parish church, is the burial place for many in the country's line of monarchs including Robert I and Saint Margaret.^[4] Ruins of the former abbey infrastructure today include the remains of the Royal Palace of Dunfermline, birthplace of Charles I, and are an important tourist attraction. The poet Robert Henryson, one of Scotland's major literary figures, was also associated with the abbey.

In modern times, the most famous son of Dunfermline was the wealthy industrialist, businessman, and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. He was the central figure in promoting its early twentieth century urban renewal and his financial legacy is still of major importance.

Traditional industries in Dunfermline's catchment area have principally involved textiles, engineering, defence and electronics. In more recent times this has begun to diversify into the service sectors, including tourism.^[5]

History

The name Dunfermline is probably a composite of the Celtic terms Dun (fortified hill), fiaram (bent or crooked) and lin (pool or waterfall), which translates as the promontory at the crook in the stream^[6][7] although there have been other interpretations of the name.^[8] The first historical record of Dunfermline was as a centre for the Culdee faith around 506 AD. ^[6] The town's name was first recorded as "Dunfermelitane" in the confirmation charters by David I in 1128.^[6] Dunfermline was credited as a "menus burgh" by David II of Scotland with evidence suggesting that burgh of barony status took place between 1124 and 1147.^[9] Royal burgh status was later granted by James VII in 1588.^[10][11] The name Dunfermline was officially adopted in 1609 but references had been made previously in the seals and badges of the royal coat of arms.^[6]

In 1069, Malcolm III took the Saxon princess, Margaret as his second wife, and his new Queen's faith, with its roots in the Catholicism of her native Hungary, was instrumental in bringing about profound religious and cultural changes in the newly established royal centre.^[11][12][13] Queen Margaret encouraged Malcolm III to convert the small Culdee church into a Benedictine priory.^[7][12] This was to prove a major factor in the romanisation of the church in Scotland.^[13] The benedictine priory was then upgraded and founded as Dunfermline Abbey by her son, David I of Scotland in 1128.^[7][12] During the course of several decades, the abbey gained power and wealth in Dunfermline with the dedication of 26 altars being gifted by the individuals and guilds; at the peak of the abbey's power, it controlled areas of land from Moray in the north all the way to Berwickshire close to the English border, including four burghs and three courts of regality.^[7] On 23 October 1295 the first known documentation of the Auld Alliance was signed in the Palace.

Dunfermline would remain the de facto capital of Scotland until the brutal assassination of James I at Perth in 1437.^[7] Relocation of the Scottish courts to London after the 1603 Union of the Crowns saw the loss of the town's royal connections.^[11][12] A subsequent fire in 1624, left a large part of the town in ruin, with only the Abbot's House surviving. As a result of this and with the reformation depriving the town of its ecclesiastical importance, Dunfermline quickly declined.^[7][11][14]

St Leonard's warehouse, now converted into flats

The town impressed Daniel Defoe as showing the "full perfection of decay" but soon regained prosperity. The introduction of the weaving of fine damask linen in 1718 by James Blake would lead to the town becoming the world's leading producer.^{[10][11][12][15]} The most imposing of the linen damsk factories was St Leonard's Mill which was established by Erskine Beveridge in 1851. A warehouse and office block was later added around 1869. Other linen damsk factories were built on land to both the north and south ends of the burgh. During the mid-19th century, linen damsk was starting to become replaced by the production of powerloom. The latter did not survive, going into decline straight after the end of First World War.^[11] The establishment of Scotland's only Royal Navy Dockland in neighbouring Rosyth in 1909, boosted by two world wars, led to further growth in the town becoming the area's only major employer.^[11][12]

Traditionally industry in Dunfermline was concentrated to the north of the town centre with textiles being particularly important to the town's economy. Following the two world wars, Dunfermline's traditional industries declined. However a number of new engineering, defence and electronics companies developed in the town in industrial estates located in the south at Pitreavie, and to the west at Elgin Street. After the end of the Second World War traditional industries, particularly linen and coal mining became obsolete in the town and many factories ceased production.

Post-war housing began in the late 1940s with the construction of temporary prefabs and Swedish timber houses around areas such as Kingseat and Townhill. Additional provisions were made for electricity, water and sewage systems. Council housing was focused towards Abbeyview (on a 240 acres (97 ha) site on Aberdour Road); Touch (to the south of Garvock Hill); Bellyeoman and Balridgeburn. Private housing became focused to the north of Garvock Hill and on the site of West Pitchorie Farm.^[16] Manfacturing in the town rejuvenated by the early 1960s when Monotype Corporation opened a new factory in Halbeath.^[17] A new business park named the Carnegie Campus opened in the mid-1970s, following the arrival of the Dutch firm Philips and the re-location of the offices of the Dunfermline Press. Smaller industrial estates were focused on Dickson Street, Halbeath Drive and Primrose Lane.^[17]

Today Dunfermline has effectively become a dormitory town for Edinburgh ^[11], however the town still retains a degree of self-containment. It is the main service centre for west Fife with good employment provisions and has some of the best shopping and leisure facilities in Fife. Major employers in the town include the Bank of Scotland, Dunfermline Building Society, CR Smith and British Sky Broadcasting.

Governance

The town and burgh of Dunfermline once had a town council. Royal burgh status was abolished and Dunfermline was stripped of its city status in 1975, under the new acts, Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and the County Planning (Scotland) Act 1972. This was replaced as a three-tier authority with Dunfermline District Council serving the town and West Fife from Kincardine to Aberdour. More recently, this was replaced by a single-tier authority - Fife Council which was has been based in Glenrothes since 1996. ^[18]

Local Government

City Chambers

The Dunfermline area supports three multi-member wards with eleven councillors sitting on the committee of Fife Council. ^[19] Being the headquarters for the west region of Fife Council, the town still has a control administrative and planning issues which are based in the city chambers - first built between 1879 and 1881 in a blend of French, Gothic and Scots baronial styles. ^[20] Historically, the City Chambers were designed to be the centre for local government in the area and still house the Burgh Court and the City Chambers.^[21][22]

Governmental facilities including Dunfermline police station, sheriff court and fire station are also located close to the town centre at various points on Carnegie Drive.

Westminster and Holyrood

Dunfermline is within the Dunfermline West (Scottish Parliament constituency), the Mid Scotland and Fife (Scottish Parliament electoral region) of the Scottish Parliament (at Holyrood) and the Dunfermline and West Fife (UK Parliament constituency) (at Westminster).^[23]

The Dunfermline West Scottish Parliament (or Holyrood) constituency created in 1999 is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post system of election, and the region elects seven additional members to produce a form of proportional representation. The seat is currently held by Jim Tolson for the Liberal Democrats.^[23]

The Dunfermline and West Fife UK (or Westminster) constituency, created in 2005 when the previous seats Dunfermline East and Dunfermline West were abolished, elects a Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. The seat is currently held by Willie Rennie for the Liberal Democrats since the result of the Dunfermline and West Fife by-election in 2006 following the passing of the previous MP, Rachel Squire.

Demography

According to the 2001 census, Dunfermline had had a total population of 39,229. ^[24] The population of Dunfermline has since increased to around 45,432 in 2006.^[1] The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (23%). ^[24] The median age of males and females living in Dunfermline was 36 and 39 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland. ^[24]

The place of birth of the town's residents was 96.99% United Kingdom (including 87.02% from Scotland), 0.25% Republic of Ireland, 1.06% from other European Union countries, and 1.71% from elsewhere in the world. ^[24] The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 46.65% in full-time employment, 12.54% in part-time employment, 4.51% self-employed, 4.21% unemployed, 2.75% students with jobs, 2.11% students without jobs, 13.57% retired, 4.92% looking after home or family, 5.97% permanently sick or disabled, and 2.78% economically inactive for other reasons. ^[26]

Geography

Destinations from DUNFERMLINE
Alloa	Perth	Glenrothes
Kincardine	N W E S	Kirkcaldy
Charlestown	Rosyth	Dalgety Bay

Economy

Town Centre & Retail

Dunfermline High Street looking west

The focus of Dunfermline's town centre is the main shopping thoroughfare ^[28] which is located along a traditional, pedestrianised High Street. The town centre is bounded to the east and to the west by two public parks, St. Margaret's and Pittencrieff. To the north, adjacent to the Kingsgate shopping centre is the Carnegie Retail Park where a number of warehouse store retailers are located.

The city is one of the most popular shopping destinations in Fife and has the second largest retail provision in the region. ^[29] The majority of the High Street is made up of traditional sandstone Scottish tenement-style properties with shops and commercial uses at ground floor level. A newly extended shopping mall, the Kingsgate Centre, is located to the northeast end of the High Street. Development has continued.^[30][31][32]

There is a large out of town retail park at Halbeath which contains warehouse store retailers and a large foodstore.

Part of the Scottish Transport Regiment, of the Royal Logistic Corps, is based here.

Employment

Dunfermline's economy is largely reliant on financial and service sector jobs which account for 87% of the towns employment. There are also moderate instances of light industry, local government, construction, retail and other commercial sector employment within the town. Unemployment levels are below the Scottish average at 3.4% and Dunfermline is Fife's second largest employment centre providing approximately 30,000 jobs. ^[33] Employment in Dunfermline is largely concentrated in the town centre and in peripheral industrial estates and business parks.

A number of new engineering, defence and electronics companies developed in the town in industrial estates located in the south at Pitreavie, and to the west at Elgin Street. In more recent times the economy has begun to diversify into the service sectors, including tourism. ^[34] Major employment is also generated from the numerous offices located at the Carnegie Campus in the south of the town including BSKYB, HBOS and the Dunfermline Building Society. Major employment opportunities are also being promoted to the east as part of the town's eastern expansion area.^[35] Fife Council operate their West Fife services from New City House, a building located to the south of the town centre.

Landmarks

Guildhall

The centre of Dunfermline is a conservation area with a diverse mix of historic buildings and architecture. On East Port lies Carnegie Hall and a trio of churches (Holy Trinity, St Margaret's and Viewforth). ^[36] The simple late Gothic Holy Trinity was designed around 1881.^[36] St Margaret's Roman Catholic church was dedicated as a shrine to St Margaret, was designed around 1889.^[36] A later addition of a pinkish rubble nave and south porch was completed around 1896 of a very simple transitional design based on Peterborough Cathedral.^[36] An example of a well preserved early art-deco building is the Orient Express cinema, designed by John Fraser in 1913. ^[36] A tall Greek building, located at number 15, was designed by Paul Whitehouse between 1914 and 1916 for the Prudential Assurance Company. ^[36] Numbers 52-54 East Port date from around 1800. ^[36] On the High Street, located at number 79, is the Classical style former Guildhall which was designed by Archibald Elliot and first erected in 1807. ^[37][38] A spire was later added between 1810 and 1811. ^[38] The Guildhall was ideally built for Dunfermline to become the county headquarters of Fife, before Cupar was chosen instead. Since then, the building has served as a police station, courthouse and even a jobcentre. ^[38] The United Free church in Queen Anne Street founded by Ralph Erskine, and the Gillespie church, named after Thomas Gillespie (1708—1774) are of notable since both Erskine and Gillespie were important figures in the Secession movement. Erskine is commemorated by a statue in front of his church and a sarcophagus over his grave in the abbey churchyard; Gillespie by a marble tablet on the wall above his resting-place within the abbey. At the junction between Kirkgate, Bridge Street, Bruce Street and High Street, is the French-baronial city chambers, designed by J.C. Walker between 1875 and 1879. ^[39] This was built to replace the previous city chambers which were built in Bridge Street in 1771.

Dunfermline Abbey

To the south of the High Street, on the Kirkgate, lies the historic Dunfermline Abbey which is considered to be one of the best examples of Scoto-Norman monastic architecture. ^[40][41] Only the incomplete and much altered nave from the medieveal church survives. ^[40] The eastern section of the abbey has since been re-built as a parish church. ^[41] Despite much of the monastic buildings being destroyed by the troops of Edward I in 1303, there are substanial remains with the lower stories of the dormitory and latrine blocks on the east side of the cloister being the earliest surviving parts, dating back to the early 13th century. ^[41][42] There were five individual developments to the abbey between 1128 and 1450.^[7] The first to be completed was the nave around 1140, followed by the expansion of the choir with a shine around 1240 and then major restoration work of the rectory in 1329 - partially assisted by Robert The Bruce - who died shortly afterwards and was buried in the graveyard. ^[7] Further work on the abbey was a new west gave by a bishop of St Andrews in 1450 and the north-west tower of the nave between 1594 and 1599. ^[7]

Abbots' House

To the north of the abbey, situated on the corner of the May Gate and Abbot Street is one of the oldest houses in Dunfermline - the abbots' house. ^[20] This is said to partially date from around 1450. ^[43] Owned and operated by Dunfermline Carnegie Trust, the building is now an award-winning heritage centre which was opened in 1995.^[20][37][43] Along Abbot Street, the first of many Carnegie libraries in Scotland, known as Dunfermline Carnegie Library was built between 1881 and 1883 in a subdued Gothnic style. ^[39] On the east side of Moodie Street is Andrew Carnegie's birthplace, close to the junction with Priory Lane and St Margaret's Street. ^[44] This is located at number two Moodie Street.^[37] The street was named after James Moodie who was the provost of Dunfermline from 1792 to 1807. ^[44] The house was one of the many cottages built for the employees of hand loom weavers.^[44][45] The B-listed cottage which dates from the late 18th century is now one of the only examples left of these sort in the surrounding area. ^[44][45] A memorial hall was added in 1928 to adjoin the cottage. ^[44] Today, this operates as a birthplace museum for the town's most famous son.^[44][45]

St Leonard's Church and round tower

On Bothwell Street is the Bothwell Street viaduct, built between 1874 and 1877, as a sandstone bridge by R Young and Son to carry the Edinburgh to Dunfermline Railway over the Bothwell Gardens Roundabout. ^[46][47] The bridge was restored in 1994.^[47] To the south of the viaduct, is St Leonard's Church and round tower, on Brucefield Avenue, built between 1903 and 1904. ^[36][48] The round tower with a conical roof is considered to be a landmark. ^[36][48] On the east side of Bothwell Street is the former warehouse of the St Leonard's Works which date from around 1869. ^[49][50] The warehouse is the only surviving part of the St Leonard's Works, which was the first power-loom factory to be built in Dunfermline in 1851 and became the largest linen damsk factory in Europe by the 1880s. ^[49]

To the west of Dunfermline, before reaching Crossford is Pitfirrane Castle, once the seat of the Halkett family. ^[51][52] Even though, much of the castle dates from the 16th century, the plain rectangular tower is around 1500. ^[53] The castle and estate were purchased by the Dunfermline Carnegie Trust in 1951 and became the clubhouse of Dunfermline golf course. ^[52] To the south of Dunfermline is the L-plan Hill House built in 1623 for William Monteith of Randford as a lairds' house. ^[54][55] Also located to the south, at the southern end of the dual carriageway between the town and Rosyth is Pitreavie Castle. ^[56] This was built in 1631 as a fortified manor by Sir Hendry Wardlaw. ^[56] During the battle of Inverkeithing in 1651, the castle was attacked by Oliver Cromwell and his troops. ^[56] The castle was sold to Sir Robert Blackwood in 1713 and then to Henry Beveridge in 1884. ^[56] More recently, the house was sold in 2001 and has been converted into luxury apartments. ^[57] To the south-west of Dunfermline is the three-storey Logie House, built for the Hunt family. ^[58]

Sport and recreation

East End Park, the site of Dunfermline Athletic FC

The city has professional league teams in football, rugby and cricket.^[59] The senior football team, Dunfermline Athletic play their games at East End Park. Known by their nickname '"the pars"', the team became famous for winning the Scottish Cup twice (1961 and 1968) gaining a reputation as a side for competitive football in both England and mainland Europe.^[59] Dunfermline Cricket Club and Dunfermline Rugby Club both play on McKane Park.^[59] Bowling has also been a successful pastime in the town since the establishment of Dunfermline Bowling club in 1852, followed by other clubs such as Dunfermline Northern; Abbeyview and Dunfermline West End.^[59] Ice Hockey was a less successful venture with the short-lived Dunfermline Vikings playing their games in Dunfermline Ice Rink between 1939 and 1955. ^[60]

Leisure facilities in the town include The Carnegie Centre; Pitreavie athletics ground; four golf courses (Dunfermline, Canmore and Pitreavie) and Pittencrieff Park (known locally as "the glen") considered by many to be one of Scotland's finest public parks. ^[59]

Culture

Statue of Andrew Carnegie in Pittencrieff Park

The town's most famous son - Andrew Carnegie - is still widely celebrated. Many of his gifts which he donated to the town such as Carnegie Centre, Carnegie Hall, Carnegie Library, and in particular, Pittencrieff Park were intended to "bring into the monotonous lives of the toiling masses of Dunfermline more sweetness and light". ^[12][37] Four charities in his name still have their headquarters here - the Dunfermline Carnegie Trust; the Carnegie Hero Fund; the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland and the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust. ^[61] The Dunfermline Carnegie Trust became established by Andrew Carnegie in 1903 for the general maintenance of Pittencrieff Park. ^[62] They have also been responsible for starting an annual gala day (within the grounds of Pittencrieff Park) in 1904; converting the Women's Institute into a youth centre in 1947 (which is still running, now based in Commercial Street)and improving the appearance of Pitreavie playing fields over the years with a running track and main stand for the benefit of talented athletics in local area to be able to reach national and international levels. ^[63][64] A museum dedicated to the birthplace of Andrew Carnegie containing artefacts is located on the southern gateway of the town centre. The museum also runs annual heritage walks every summer. ^[61]

Alhambra Theatre

Dunfermline was bequeathed two theatres, the Carnegie Hall Theatre and the Alhambra. Carnegie Hall is a 540-seat theatre complete with a music institute and a restaurant. ^[65] The other, which is The Alhambra, re-opened in 2008. Initially opening in 1922, this B-listed building of vernacular influence, claims to have one of the largest stages and seat capacities in Scotland. A campaign in the theatre was launched in late 2007, ahead of the re-opening, known only as "Alhambra Alive". ^[49][66][67]

Dunfermline has always had a folky music tradition.^{[citation needed]} Local groups include the Dunfermline Folk Club, Dunfermline Abbey Choir and Dunfermline district pipe band. Live Music Venues, also have had a strong prominence in Dunfermline with the likes of Montys and PJ Molloys. Many night clubs are also present such as Harlem, Johnson's, Life and Lorenzo's (Formerly Urban) and are mainly concentrated around the town centre.^[68]. 'Velocity' / 'Kinema Live' serves as both a nightclub and music venue (previously known as The Kinema Ballroom, Night Magic, Hollywood Boulevard & The Ballroom). Many bands to come out of Dunfermline in terms of popular music such as The Skids, Big Country, Nazareth and Yoshi (Yoshi band).^[69]

Public facilities in and around the centre include a range of commercial leisure uses such as the Carnegie Theatre, the Alhambra Theatre and the Carnegie Sports Centre. Cultural facilities add to the overall mix of uses in the centre and include the Carnegie Library and the Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum.

Education

The town is home to four secondary schools, several primary schools and two schools for learning difficulties. Dunfermline High School was the main school in the town, until the introduction of the Comprehensive System in 1974.^[70] Today, the school serves a wide area to the south of the town centre and neighbouring Rosyth. Queen Anne High School is located to the north of the town. Woodmill High School serves the eastern side of the town along with North Queensferry. St Columba's High School which opened in 1974 is one of two Roman Catholic Secondaries in Fife. The school caters for pupils living in West Fife from Kincardine in the east to Cowdenbeath in the west.^[70]

There were also many new primary schools such as Blacklaw, Pitcorthie, Linburn and Touch built between 1958 and 1970 to serve the new housing developments because of the poor access and locations of many of the already existing ones. ^[70]

Carnegie College, originally known as Lauder College is the only college in the town which is a partner and has links with Dunfermline Business Centre. ^[70]

Transport

Dunfermline Town Railway Station

Dunfermline is served by the A907 which meets the M90 and A92 to the east of the town at Halbeath Interchange. This connects the town to Perth to the north, Edinburgh to the south and Kirkcaldy to the west. The main routes through the town are Halbeath Road and Carnegie Drive (A907) from east to west and Pilmuir Street and Hospital Hill (B984) from north to south.

The main bus terminus is located on a site to the north of the town centre which provides fourteen stances as well as having seating, toilets and a cafe.^[71] Two railway stations serve the town, Dunfermline Town to the south of the town centre and Dunfermline Queen Margaret to the east of the town, near Queen Margaret Hospital.^[72][73]

The town centre is linked by public transport with a newly built main bus station which is located to the west of the Kingsgate Shopping Centre on Queen Ann Street. Dunfermline Town railway station lies at the southeast corner of the town centre.

Notable people

• Andrew Carnegie, (1835-1919), was one of the city's greatest benefactors. He gave to the town of his birth, the free library and the public baths. In 1903, he donated the estate of Pittencrieff Park and Glen, together with bonds yielding £25,000 a year, in trust for the maintenance of the park, the support of a theatre for the production of plays "of the highest merit," the periodical exhibitions of works of art and science, the promotion of horticulture among the working classes and the encouragement of technical education in the district. So while New York's Carnegie Hall is much better known, Dunfermline has its own.

• Robert Henryson (c.1430-c.1500), one of Scotland's major poets, was connected with the abbey and probably ran the grammar school that served its abbatial Burgh. Much of his poetry contains closely observed detail from daily life, giving a valuable impression of the environment and spoken language of the royal burgh in his lifetime.

• Kenneth Cranham (b. 12 December 1944), renowned actor of stage and screen.

• Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649), King of England, Scotland and Ireland, was born in the royal palace.

• Ian Anderson, (b. 10 August 1947) singer, flautist, frontman of the long-running British progressive rock band Jethro Tull.

• Manny Charlton (b. July 25, 1941) is a musician best known as the guitarist and producer for the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth.

• Billy Liddell (b. January 10, 1922, Townhill, Dunfermline - d. July 3, 2001, Liverpool), Scottish footballer who played his entire professional career with Liverpool F.C..

• Barbara Dickson (1947-), singer

• John Forbes (5 September 1707 – March 11, 1759), a general in the French and Indian War who liberated Fort Duquesne and established Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

• Robert Gilfillan (1798-1850), poet

• Sir Joseph Noel Paton (1821-1901), painter and poet

Notable residents include:

• David Ferguson (ca. 1533-1598), parish minister who made the first collection of Scottish proverbs (published in 1641),

• John Row (1568-1646), church historian

Twin cities and towns

• Logroño, Spain
• Sarasota, Florida
• Trondheim, Norway
• Wilhelmshaven, Germany
• Vichy, France
• Albufeira, Portugal

See also

External links

• Dunfermline Music Scene Website, dedicated to Dunfermline Music
• KinemaGigz - The Whole Story of The Famous Kinema Ballroom Dunfermline
• Dunfermline Website
• The Annals of Dunfermline 1096-1745
• Kingsgate Shopping Centre
• Dunfermline Guide website- a guide to Dunfermline
• Dunfermline online website
• Early Carnegie Libraries - featuring the world's first Carnegie Library in Dunfermline.
• Dunfermline Economic Profile
• Friends of Masterton Community Website

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Durie, Bruce (2002). A Century of Dunfermline. WHSmith. ISBN 075093137X. 
• Hendrie, William F. (2002). Old Dunfermline. Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 1840331941. 
• Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2002). Fife in History and Legend. 
• Pride, Glen L. (1999). The Kingdom of Fife (2nd edition ed.). ISBN 1873190492. 
• McEwan, Bert (2004). Dunfermline The Post-War Years. 
• Omand, Donald (2000). The Fife Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 1841582743. 
• Dunfermline Carnegie Trust (1998). Our Heritage.