Dutch tilt, Dutch angle, oblique angle, German angle, canted angle or Batman Angle are terms used for a cinematic tactic often used to portray the psychological uneasiness or tension in the subject being filmed. A Dutch angle is achieved by tilting the camera off to the side so that the shot is composed with the horizon at an angle to the bottom of the frame. Many Dutch angles are static shots at an obscure angle, but in a moving Dutch angle shot the camera can pivot, pan or track along the director/cinematographer's established diagonal axis for the shot.
Examples of usage in movies
Dziga Vertov's 1929 experimental documentary Man with a Movie Camera is known to contain one of the first usages of the Dutch angle, among other innovative techniques discovered by Vertov himself.
The angle was widely used in German cinema of the 1930s and 1940s, hence its name (Deutsch, meaning German, was often conflated with the etymologically identical word Dutch). Montages of Dutch angles are structured in a way that the tilts are almost always horizontally opposite in each shot, for example, a right tilted shot will nearly always be followed with a left tilted shot, and so on.
The 1949 film The Third Man makes extensive use of Dutch angle shots, to emphasize the main character's alienation in a foreign environment. An anecdote of cinema lore alleges that once filming was completed, the crew presented director Carol Reed with a spirit level, to sardonically encourage him to use more traditional shooting angles.[3]
Dutch angles were used extensively in the original TV series and 1966 film of Batman, where each villain had his own angle. Scenes filmed in any villain's hideout, when only the chief villain and his henchmen were present, were invariably shot at an angle departing extremely from the horizontal.
Dutch angles are frequently used by film directors who have a background in the visual arts, such as Tim Burton (in Edward Scissorhands, and Ed Wood), and Terry Gilliam, who used Dutch angles in The Fisher King, Twelve Monkeys, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas and Tideland to represent madness, disorientation, and/or drug psychosis. In the Evil Dead trilogy, Sam Raimi used Dutch angles to show that a character had become possessed.
The Dutch angle is an overt cinematographical technique that can easily be overused. The science-fiction film Battlefield Earth (2000), in particular, drew sharp criticism for its pervasive use of the Dutch angle. In the words of film critic Roger Ebert, "the director, Roger Christian, has learned from better films that directors sometimes tilt their cameras, but he has not learned why."[4]
The 2006 film Fay Grim was shot almost exclusively using Dutch angles.
James Cameron 'Dutched' the camera during the final stages of the sinking in his film Titanic, but here the intent was not to produce a sense of unease, but rather to exaggerate the slant of the deck, which -- due to its length, and to the need for sections of it to submerge -- could only be tilted by an angle of about 6 degrees.
The 2008 Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire has extensive use of Dutch angles. The film's director of photography, Anthony Dod Mantle, used more Dutch angle shots than he did conventional ones. The resulting effect was that the few scenes shot on a level horizon starkly stood out to relay story-changing events in particularly emotionally evocative moments.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Persall, Steve (2000-05-12). "Space aliens without a clue". St. Petersburg Times. http://www.sptimes.com/News/051200/Alive/Space_aliens_without_.shtml. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
- ^ Graham, Bob (2000-04-30). "What on Earth Are These Guys Doing? Roger Christian directs Travolta in sci-fi tale about humans fighting mineral-sucking giants from outer space". San Francisco Chronicle: p. PK-54. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/04/30/PK88588.DTL&type=music. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
- ^ Charles Thomas Samuels, Encountering Directors, 1972 - interview with Carol Reed, excerpt at wellesnet.com
- ^ Ebert, Roger (2000-05-12). "Battlefield Earth". Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000512/REVIEWS/5120301/1023. Retrieved 2006-07-29.
External links
- The Death of the Dutch Angle an article on Dutch angles at Broken Projector
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