| Dynasty | Years | Famous Rulers |
|---|
| I | 3110-2884 B.C. | Menes | | II | 2884-2780 B.C. | | III | 2780-2680 B.C. | Snefru | | IV | 2680-2565 B.C. | Khufu (Cheops), Khafre, Menkaure. Age of the great pyramids. | | V | 2565-2420 B.C. | | VI | 2420-2258 B.C. | Pepi I, Pepi II |
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| VII, VIII | 2258-2225 B.C. | An obscure period. | | IX, X | 2225-2134 B.C. | Capital at Heracleopolis. | | XI | 2134-c.2000 B.C. | Capital at Thebes. |
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| XII | 2000-1786 B.C. | Amenemhet I, Sesostris I, Amenemhet II, Sesostris II, Sesostris III, Amenemhet III, Amenemhet IV |
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| XIII-XVII | 1786-1570 B.C. | The Hyksos. An obscure period. |
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| XVIII | 1570-c.1342 B.C. | Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Hatshepsut (with Thutmose II initially), Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV (Ikhnaton), Tutankhamen | | XIX | c.1342-1200 B.C. | Horemheb, Ramses I, Seti I, Ramses II, Merneptah, Seti II | | XX | 1200-1085 B.C. | Ramses III with Tiy. New Kingdom declines. | | XXI | 1085-945 B.C. | Tanite dynasty (capital at Tanis). | | XXII | 945-745 B.C. | Sheshonk I. Libyan dynasty (capital at Bubastis). | | XXIII | 745-718 B.C. | Nubian dynasty with invasion of Piankhi (capital at Bubastis). | | XXIV | 718-712 B.C. | Saïte dynasty (capital at Saïs). | | XXV | 712-663 B.C. | Taharka. Assyrian invasions begin foreign domination. | | XXVI | 663-525 B.C. | Psamtik, Necho, Apries, Amasis II (capital at Saïs). | | XXVII | 525-405 B.C. | The Achaemenids of Persia in control. Cambyses II to Darius II. Egypt revolts. | | XXVIII-XXX | 405-332 B.C. | Nekhtnebf I, Nekhtnebf II. Last native dynasties, ending with conquest by Alexander the Great. Capital at Saïs, then at Mendes, then at Sebennytos. |
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