Earlham College is a liberal arts college in Richmond, Indiana. It was founded in 1847 by the Quakers and has approximately 1,200 students. The current president is Douglas C. Bennett. In keeping with Friends' belief in equality, everyone addresses each other at Earlham by his or her first name, without the use of titles such as "doctor" or "professor" and "freshmen" are referred to as "first year (student)(s)".
While Earlham is primarily a residential undergraduate college, it also has two graduate programs — the master of arts in teaching and the master of education — which provide a route for teacher licensure to students with liberal arts undergraduate degrees.
Earlham College is listed in Loren Pope's book, Colleges That Change Lives.[citation needed]
Campus, curriculum, and community
Carpenter Hall at Earlham College
The majority of Earlham College's campus is undeveloped forest and meadow, including the undeveloped "back campus" area, which serves as an outdoor classroom. Earlham is nationally recognized for its strong programs in Biology[5], Japanese Studies[6], Peace and Global Studies[7] and German (two students recently received Fulbright scholarships in German). [8] The Earlham libraries are known for their course-integrated program of information literacy instruction. Notably, Earlham ranks 8th in the nation (out of 1,302 colleges and universities) in its percentage of graduates who go on to receive a Ph.D. in the biological sciences and 26th in the percentage of students going on to Ph.D. programs in all fields.[9] Earlham is known for its "Super Languages" program where a full year of a language is taught intensively for one semester.
Almost two-thirds of Earlham students go on a semester-length off-campus program to such destinations as Mexico, the U.S./ Mexican border, Vienna, Martinique, Northern Ireland, Great Britain, France, Germany, Spain, New Zealand , Japan and Tanzania.[citation needed] In addition, there are a number of shorter off-campus May terms, with destinations both within the U.S. and abroad (Australia, Galapagos, Senegal, Menorca, and Turkey, as recent examples). Earlham has an exchange program with Waseda University in Japan, which has existed informally for decades. In addition, Earlham College works with the SICE program [10] in Morioka, Japan, a program in which about twelve to fourteen students teach English in middle schools in Morioka.
Earlham has an entirely student-managed public radio station, WECI 91.5FM. [11] The Joseph Moore Museum is a natural history museum located on campus and run by students and biology department faculty, focusing on Indiana's natural history. It is open to the public (free of charge) and tours are available upon request. There are a number of themed and friendship houses bordering the North and East faces of the campus.
Earlham College is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association.
Adjacent Institutions
There are two institutions located adjacent to the Earlham College undergraduate campus: Earlham School of Religion, a Quaker theological graduate school and Bethany Theological Seminary, an independent Church of the Brethren institution offering graduate and non-degree programs.
History
- The following is copied, with permission, from the Short History page of the Earlham College website[12]
Earlham has its roots in the Great Migration of Quakers from the eastern United States, especially from North Carolina, in the first half of the nineteenth century. A peculiarly Quaker combination of idealism and practicality drew them to the Northwest Territory. As Friends, those who came out of the South had found themselves increasingly uneasy living in a slave society. As small farmers, the abundance of cheap, fertile land made Ohio and Indiana magnets of migration.
This migration gave rise to the Indiana Yearly Meeting [13] of Friends in 1821. By 1850, it was the largest meeting in the world. Its center was Richmond, where the yearly meetinghouse for the orthodox body was located. Thus when Indiana Friends decided in 1832 to open a boarding school "for the guarded religious education of the children of Friends," they placed it in Richmond. After fifteen years of laborious fund-raising, the school opened on June 6, 1847. In 1859, a collegiate department was added and the school became Earlham College, in honor of English Quaker minister Joseph John Gurney, who had been an early supporter and whose English estate home was named Earlham Hall[14]. Earlham was the second Quaker college in the world, and the first coeducational one.
Most Quakers changed in the late nineteenth century, and Earlham changed with them. Originally a "select" school, open only to Friends, by 1865 the school accepted non-Quaker students, and hired its first non-Quaker professor in 1886. Gradually Quaker plain dress and the plain language disappeared from campus. By 1890, art and music, originally forbidden by Quaker beliefs, had become part of the curriculum. In the 1890s, intercollegiate athletics became part of Earlham life.
Change did not come without controversy. Between 1895 and 1915, Professor of Bible Elbert Russell [15] was the target of numerous protests for introducing modernist methods of Bible study to the college. In 1920-1921, the college was actually the target of a heresy investigation aimed at liberalism and evolution. Between 1930 and 1941, many Quakers fiercely protested the relaxation of rules banning dancing and smoking. During World War II, the enrollment of Japanese-American students outraged some local residents.
Earlham transformed itself after World War II, with building and financial growth and the advent of a new generation of faculty, many veterans of Civilian Public Service. The student body became national and international. In 1960, in order to meet a growing demand for leadership in the Society of Friends, the Earlham School of Religion opened as the only accredited Quaker theological seminary in the world. A few years later Earlham created Conner Prairie, the living history museum near Indianapolis that became independent in 2006. Although Quakers are now a minority amongst students and faculty, the college maintains its Quaker identity through its Community Code [16], its governance by consensus-seeking [17], its curriculum [18] and its affiliation with Indiana and Western Yearly Meetings [19] of Friends.
For a full history of Earlham see Thomas D. Hamm's Earlham College : a history, 1847-1997 (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997).
Athletics
Earlham College is also a member of the North Coast Athletic Conference. Earlham has won championships in men's cross country[citation needed]. The athletics teams are known as the Quakers. They originally had been the Fightin' Quakers; although the name was meant tongue-in-cheek, it was changed in the 1980s to the Hustlin' Quakers after the college's board of regents decided that it was inappropriate for Quakers to fight.[citation needed] In the 1990s, the name was changed again to simply Quakers. Earlham has many Club teams: some of the more successful ones are Ultimate Frisbee and Women's rugby. Other club teams include Men's rugby and equestrian team among others.
Among the student body, the chant sometimes sung publicly is
- Fight, Fight, Inner Light!
- Kill, Quakers, Kill!
- Knock 'em Down, Beat 'em Senseless!
- Do It 'til We Reach Consensus!
Also:
- Fight, Fight, Inner Light!
- Kill, Quakers, Kill!
- Beat 'em, Beat 'em, Knock 'em Senseless!
- Tell Me, Do We Have Consensus?
A popular cheer that was emoted by the Earlham College Fightin' Quakers football cheerleaders (circa 1979), when the opposing team had possession of the ball, was:
- Fight exuberantly!
- Fight exuberantly!
- Compel them to relinquish the ball!
An earlier cheer was:
- Rock 'em. sock 'em!
- Knock 'em in the mud!
- Shake 'em, brake 'em!
- We want blood!
- Kill, Quakers, kill! Kill!
Wilderness programs
Earlham was one of the first colleges in the country to initiate student and faculty led wilderness programs, back in 1970[citation needed]. These programs were designed for incoming first-year and transfer students who received credit for them. The program is divided into the Water August Wilderness and the Mountain August Wilderness and lasts for approximately three weeks; the former canoes in Wabakimi Provincial park in Ontario and the latter hikes in the Uinta Mountains in Utah. Students in the past have taken ice climbing, white water kayaking, rock climbing and canoeing for credit. The program leads backpacking and canoeing trips to places like Big Bend National Park in southwestern Texas and runs a May Term (a condensed three-week term after the spring semester) course which trains students to lead its August Wilderness program.
Earlham College remains the only American institution of tertiary education that allows students to study aardvarks extensively in their native habitat in the Kakamega Forest[20].
Student life
Earlham's "dry campus" policy is controversial among members of the student body and some faculty members. Drinking is fairly commonplace; some students refer to the campus as "pleasantly moist." In August 2007, as part of New Student Orientation for the incoming class of 2011, the Earlham faculty revealed their new approach to dealing with alcohol issues. Although the official alcohol policy remains the same, the primary focus is now on education and personal responsibility, as opposed to enforcement.
Tension sometimes arises between students and the Quaker Indiana and Western Yearly Meetings over issues of sexuality. Western and, to an even greater degree, Indiana Yearly Meeting tend to be more conservative on issues such as condom distribution, pregnancy, and homosexuality. This tension has been a recurrent feature of Earlham life for decades.
In 2005, the Committee on Campus Life approved a new pregnancy policy, stating that pregnant women may reside in on-campus housing, but are also offered a housing exemption if they so desire.
Most students stay on-campus during the weekends. The Student Activities Board, Earlham Film Series, student bands, theater productions, etc. offer a variety of activities on the weekends.
In March 2005, William Kristol, founder and editor of The Weekly Standard, was hit in the face with an ice cream pie by a student during a lecture he gave on campus.[21] This event made national and international news and was carried by many leading news outlets. Many students and faculty at the lecture showed strong disapproval of the act, and applauded when Kristol resumed his talk. The event sharply divided students and, to a lesser extent, faculty, with some showing support for the act of pieing and most showing strong disapproval. Many, however, felt that the act was unjustly punished by the President (who was also indirectly hit by the pie). The student was subsequently suspended for the rest of the semester and dropped out the following year. Additionally, President Doug Bennett overturned a College Judiciary Council ruling that found the students who knew about the pieing ahead of time not guilty; this act further divided the campus. Shortly after the incident, conservative commentators Pat Buchanan and David Horowitz were 'attacked' (with salad dressing and a pie, respectively) and a 'teach-in' at Earlham was conducted which featured three faculty members sharing their views. Nearly three years ex post facto, the pieing, the punishment, and whether William Kristol should have even been invited to speak at Earlham all continue to be issues of contention amongst the faculty and student body.
The Hash
Earlham has the only student-run Hash House Harriers running group, founded in 1989 and still continuing at present (2009). While only loosely connected with national organizations, the student group maintains weekly runs and has been described by visitors as the "Galapagos of Hashes" for the creativity and development of hashing practices. The Hash run takes place on the "back campus," which may include the back property of the neighboring cemetery, during all seasons. The Campus Safety and Security office and Student Development office share concern about the event and do not condone its happening. The Campus Safety and Security team has requested that the event be brought to an end via an article in the student-run newspaper, The Earlham Word.
Notable Earlhamites
Notable alumni (A—M)
- Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sä)- famous writer and Native American activist. Founded National Council of Indian Americans.[22][23]
- Warder Clyde Allee-known for his research on animal behavior, protocooperation, and for identifying the Allee effect. Elected to the National Academy of Sciences.[24]
- Carl W. Ackerman-- former head of Columbia University Journalism School.[25]
- J. Russell Chapman - former Managing Director of R.J. Reynolds, European Division
- John S. Allen-- founding president of the University of South Florida.[26][27]
- C. Ernest Beane - General Counsel for MWABank. Also on its board of directors.
- Laurence G. Brown MD - Director, Office of Medical Services, US State Department.[28]
- Howard Boyer - Former editor at Harvard University Press who published the work of prominent scientists like Stephen Jay Gould, Edward O. Wilson and Ernst Mayr.[29]
- Richard Butler- Former executive director of Church World Service.
- Rick Carter - Head Football coach, College of the Holy Cross. His 1983 team remains the only Holy Cross team to ever qualify or the NCAA Division I-AA playoffs. Named N.C.A.A. Division I-AA Coach of the Year.[30]
- J. Russell Chapman - Former manager of R.J. Reynolds, European Division.
- Shelby M. Chodos -Managing Director of Commonwealth Capital Partners, Inc., a private investment firm in New England.
- Al Cobine - Big band leader and tenor saxophonist. Worked closely with Henry Mancini and often associated with the Pink Panther theme song.[31]
- Joseph John Copeland - former president of City College of New York[32]
- Tony DeBlase - Designer of the Leather Pride flag.
- David W. Dennis - Congressman from Indiana [33]
- Juan Dies - Co-founder and executive director of Sones de Mexico Ensemble. Nominated for a Latin Grammy.[34][35]
- Joseph M. Dixon, Former Governor of Montana.[36]
- Liza Donnelly, Cartoonist for the New Yorker.[37]
- John Porter East- former U.S. Senator for North Carolina.[38]
- R. Douglas Elmore - Director of the ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Associate Dean at the University of Oklahoma
- Jim Fowler, star of Wild Kingdom.[39]
- Tim Grimm - Played FBI agent Dan Murray alongside Harrison Ford in the film Clear and Present Danger (1994).[40]
|
Notable alumni (N—Z)
- Richard K. Nakamura - Deputy Director, National Institute of Mental Health.
- Larry Overman - Organic Chemist. Member of the National Academy of Sciences.
- Robert T. Pennock - Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Elected 2006
- Polly Penhale - U.S. Environmental Officer for Antarctica, U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs.
- Leslie Talbot Pennington - served on the American Unitarian Association Board of Directors.
- Thomas Trueblood - professor of speech and debate at University of Michigan for over 40 years; head coach of U-M golf team for 36 years.
- Robert Quine - named by Rolling Stone as one of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time.[60][61][62]
- Marc Reisner - Author of the books "A Dangerous Place" and Cadillac Desert the latter of which was described in his New York Times obituary as "a seminal work about the environmental cost of Western water projects."[63]
- Willard A. Roberts- Helped develop fluorescent and black light for GE.[64]
- Jonathan C. Rogers - Former president of the University of Georgia. [65]
- Olive Rush - Artist.[66]
- Justin Rummell - Quarterback in the Arena Football League. Invited to The Detroit Lions rookie mini-camp tryouts.[67]
- Elbert Russell- Former Dean of Duke University Divinity School.[68]
- John Scarlett M.D. - CEO of Tercica,Inc.(biopharmaceutical company)[69]
- Stephen Schutt - President, Lake Forest College.[70]
- Andrea Seabrook - contributor to National Public Radio's All Things Considered and former Congressional Correspondent to NPR.[71]
- William E. Simkin- helped prevent national strikes and resolved thousands of labor disputes as the Federal Government's chief labor mediator and as a leading private arbitrator.[72]
- Lisa Margaret Smith - United States magistrate judge for the Southern District of New York.
- Wendell Meredith Stanley - American biochemist. He shared a 1946 Nobel Prize for discovering methods of producing pure enzymes and virus proteins.[73]
- Laura Sessions Stepp - Pulitzer Prize winning journalist for The Washington Post[74]
- David C. Stump, M.D. - Human Genome Sciences, Executive Vice President.[75]
- Walter E. Spahr - Economist, advocate of the 'gold standard'. Headed NYU economics department between 1928 and 1956.[76]
- Edwin Way Teale - naturalist writer, won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1966. Elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Staff Writer at Popular Science.[77]
- Ralph Waldo Trueblood - Editor-in-Chief, The Los Angeles Times 1934-37. Mr. Trueblood was co-inventor of the telephotographer, the first device used by newspapers for sending pictures by wire.[78]
- Thomas Trueblood-President of the National Society of Elocutionists. His golf teams won two NCAA National Championships and five Big Ten Conference championships.
- Mara Vanderslice - Director of religious outreach for the 2004 Kerry-Edwards presidential bid.[79]
- Frederick Van Nuys, U.S. Senator from Indiana 1932-1944.[80]
- Amy Walters - Producer, National Public Radio.
- Zack Warren - Ran the Boston Marathon while juggling in 2 hours, fifty-eight minutes. [81]
- Edward George Wilson-Executive Vice President, J. Walter Thompson Company, Awarded Santimala (Peace) Medal from the King of Thailand.[82]
- Robert Wissler - biochemist, discovered the damaging effects of smoking and cholesterol on the vascular system.[83]
- Kenneth Wollack - President of the National Democratic Institute[84]
- Donald N. Wood - Author of multiple titles, including The Unraveling of the West: The Rise of Postmodernism and The Decline of Democracy.
- Stanley T. Wray- awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross of the Royal Air Force.[85]
- Herman W. White - physicist[86]
- Harry N. Wright - former president of City College of New York.
- Craig M. Wright - Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel Member, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
|
Notable faculty
- Landrum Bolling - President of Earlham from 1958 to 1973, Current Director at Large of Mercy Corps. Back channel between Yasir Arafat and Jimmy Carter.[87]
- Wayne C. Booth - (former) Professor of English- Literary Critic; author of The Rhetoric of Fiction and The Company We Keep.[88]
- John Elwood Bundy, impressionist painter.
- Saoud El Mawla - Plowshares Visiting Professor of Peace and Global Studies[89]
- Del Harris, former Earlham basketball coach; current NBA coach.[90]
- John Hunt - (former) Professor of English, Faulkner Scholar.
- Caroline Higgins - Professor Emerita of Peace and Global Studies and History, author of the book "Sweet Country", listed in The Professors: The 101 Most Dangerous Academics in America by David Horowitz.[91]
- Jackson Holbrook Bailey - Asian studies educator.[92]
- John Iverson - Professor of Biology. Turtle Expert.[93]
- Robert L. Kelly- Former Earlham College president, made Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government.[94]
- Tom Kirk - Emeritus Library Director & Coordinator of Information Services, named Academic Librarian of the year in 2004.[95]
- Paul Lacey- Professor Emeritus of English. Literary executor to the late poet Denise Levertov. Presiding Clerk of the American Friends Service Committee (since 2005).
- Dale Edwin Noyd — decorated fighter pilot and Air Force captain who became a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War.[96]
- Howard Richards - Professor Emeritus and founder of Earlham's Peace and Global Studies program/department; author of several books pertaining to the philosophy of peace and justice.
- E. Merrill Root, distinguished American poet.[97]
- Elbert Russell, a professor of Bible and chaplain.
- Peter Suber - Senior Research Professor of Philosophy, creator of the game Nomic, and a leader in the open access movement.
- D. Elton Trueblood - noted Quaker author and theologian.[98]
Not a faculty member, but a former Earlham trustee is Wayne Townsend, a member of both houses of the Indiana legislature and the Democratic candidate for governor in 1984.
|
References
- ^ "College and University Endowments Over $250-Million, 2007". Chronicle of Higher Education: pp. 28. 2008-08-29.
- ^ "Earlham Facts > Fast Facts > Faculty > Full-time". Earlham College. http://www.earlham.edu/fastfacts/academics. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ "Earlham College". Earlham College. http://www.earlham.edu/fastfacts/students. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ "Earlham Style Guide > Sports Style" (pdf). Earlham College. http://www.earlham.edu/publicaffairs/documents/pdf/Style_Guide_PA_2004-05.pdf. Retrieved 2006-01-15.
- ^ http://www.earlham.edu/~biol/
- ^ http://www.earlham.edu/~jpnstudies/
- ^ http://www.earlham.edu/~pags/
- ^ "[http://www.earlham.edu/publicaffairs/content/excellent/awards/fulbright.php National Awards, Scholarships and Grants: Fulbright Grants]". http://www.earlham.edu/publicaffairs/content/excellent/awards/fulbright.php. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ "What's Excellent About Earlham". http://www.earlham.edu/publicaffairs/content/excellent/hedsc.php. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
- ^ SICE: Studies in Cross-Cultural Education.
- ^ http://www.weciradio.org/
- ^ "You have my permission, and blessing, to copy the article from the website. Thanks for your interest. TH" - email[who?] 26 January 2008 from Thomas Hamm, Professor of History and College Archivist at Earlham College
- ^ Indiana Yearly Meeting website.
- ^ J.J. Gurney lived at Earlham Hall, near Norwich in the UK.
- ^ Elbert Russell (1871-1951): His papers are held at Swarthmore College. The website gives a brief biography.
- ^ Community Code: Principles and Practices (Earlham College website).
- ^ Earlham Governance Manual.
- ^ Earlham Curriculum Guide.
- ^ Western Yearly Meeting of Friends Church website.
- ^ From Earlham college website.
- ^ http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2005/03/30/conservative_pundit_hit_in_face_with_pie/
- ^ http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/gsbonnin.htm
- ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/73212/Gertrude-Bonnin
- ^ http://ead.lib.uchicago.edu/view.xqy?id=ICU.SPCL.ALLEE&c=a
- ^ http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/Magazine/Spring2005/llackerman.html
- ^ http://usfweb2.usf.edu/History/allen_legacy.html
- ^ http://www.president.ufl.edu/pastPres/allen.htm
- ^ http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/26658.htm
- ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0D61038F933A25755C0A9639C8B63
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1986/02/04/sports/carter-had-built-record-of-success.html?&pagewanted=all
- ^ http://www.reallygoodmusic.com/rgm.jsp?page=composers2&compid=123140
- ^ Narvaez, Alfonso A. (January 13, 1990). "Dr. Joseph J. Copeland, 82, Dies; Led City College in Turbulent Era". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4D7163DF930A25752C0A966958260&sec=&spon=.
- ^ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000241
- ^ http://www.sonesdemexico.com/index2.html
- ^ http://www.steppenwolf.org/ensemble/history/productions/index.aspx?id=448
- ^ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000372
- ^ http://www.plaxo.com/directory/profile/64427256595/97581a37/Liza/Donnelly
- ^ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000017
- ^ http://www.wildkingdom.com/nostalgia/fowler_bio.html
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0342302/
- ^ http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20213025_2,00.html
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ej8-Rqo-VT4
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0355910/bio
- ^ http://www.sho.com/site/dexter/home.do
- ^ http://sealang.net/thai/haas-uc.htm
- ^ http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=mhaas.html
- ^ http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/apollo/public/people/mhamilton.htm
- ^ http://www.usgs.gov/future_challenges/hirsch.asp
- ^ http://www.lclark.edu/dept/pres/hochstettler.html
- ^ http://www.brown.edu/Research/Breaking_Ground/results.php?d=1&first=Mary%20Inda&last=Hussey
- ^ http://www.sigmapipct.com/int_fathers.html
- ^ http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/J/htmlJ/jenkinschar/jenkinschar.htm
- ^ http://www.mrl.lib.in.us/history/biography/jenkinscf.htm
- ^ http://www.iowalum.com/magazine/presidents/11-jessup.html
- ^ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000138v
- ^ http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/findaids/johnsn_r.htm
- ^ Ithaca College (May 28, 1998). "Ithaca College Names James S. Malek as New Provost". Press release. http://www.ithaca.edu/news/release.php?id=584.
- ^ http://www.averymuseum.com/marmon%20biography.htm
- ^ http://www.janamatthewsgroup.com/jmg.nsf/html/Jana+Matthews
- ^ http://www.robertquine.com/bio.html
- ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E0D81E31F93BA35755C0A9629C8B63
- ^ http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/richardhell/articles/story/6128328/hell_remembers_quine
- ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0CE5D6133AF936A15754C0A9669C8B63
- ^ http://home.frognet.net/~ejcov/roberts.html
- ^ http://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/pexhibit/presiden/rogersj.html
- ^ http://www.aaa.si.edu/collectionsonline/rusholiv/overview.htm
- ^ http://www.detroitlions.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=457155
- ^ http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/rbmscl/uarusselle/inv/
- ^ http://sec.edgar-online.com/2003/11/07/0001193125-03-074709/Section13.asp
- ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_/ai_78923743
- ^ http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=2790202
- ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEFD81F38F934A35750C0A964958260
- ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/stanley-bio.html
- ^ http://www.laurastepp.com/index2.html
- ^ http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-01-1999/0001063592&EDATE=
- ^ http://diglib.princeton.edu/ead/getEad?eadid=MC121&kw=
- ^ http://www.lib.uconn.edu/online/research/speclib/ASC/findaids/Teale/MSS19810009.html
- ^ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~dbeeler/PaulMcGeorgeWW.html
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/26/us/politics/26faith.html
- ^ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000050
- ^ http://www.boston.com/sports/specials/marathon/articles/2006/04/18/record_setter_warren_had_a_ball_with_this_one/
- ^ http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/rbmscl/jwtwilsoneg/inv/
- ^ http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/061207.wissler.shtml
- ^ http://www.ndi.org/wollackk
- ^ http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7667
- ^ http://ed.fnal.gov/symposium/speakers/2007white.html
- ^ http://www.earlham.edu/landrumbollingcenter/profile.html
- ^ http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/05/051011.booth.shtml
- ^ http://www.thedohaforum.org/2005/participants.html
- ^ http://www.nba.com/coachfile/del_harris/index.html
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=CYqZjtVp00AC&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=Caroline+Higgins&source=bl&ots=xD6Av0Ounu&sig=XImgZXunhulTJm_hQLJF0z7e2UI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA215,M1
- ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9807E6DA153EF93BA3575BC0A960958260
- ^ http://www.earlham.edu/~johni/
- ^ "France Honors Dr. Robert L. Kelly". New York Times. November 8, 1919. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9F00EEDC123FE432A2575BC0A9679D946896D6CF. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
- ^ http://www.earlham.edu/publicaffairs/content/pressroom/archive/2004/february/040217s-kirk.php
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/us/28noyd.html?_r=1
- ^ http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv99873
- ^ http://www.waynet.org/people/biography/trueblood.htm
External links
