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Eaton Hall, Cheshire

 
Wikipedia: Eaton Hall, Cheshire
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Coordinates: 53°08′25″N 2°52′39″W / 53.1403°N 2.8775°W / 53.1403; -2.8775

Eaton Hall from the east showing the hall and the chapel, August 2002

Eaton Hall is the country house of the Duke of Westminster which is set within a large estate 1 mile (2 km) south of the village of Eccleston, Cheshire, England (grid reference SJ413607). The estate covers an area of about 4,400 hectares within which is parkland of about 500 hectares and formal gardens of around 20 hectares.[1] These are listed at Grade II* on the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[2] The boundaries of the estate generally follow field boundaries but on the east side they follow the line of the River Dee.[3]

The present hall is a modern building in the style of a French château, which replaced a much larger hall in Gothic Revival style designed by Alfred Waterhouse. When this house was demolished in the 1960s, some of Waterhouse's associated buildings were retained; these include the chapel and the Stable Court. Around the hall are large formal gardens, which contain a number of listed buildings, and extensive parkland. The house and grounds are privately owned but the gardens are open on three days a year to raise money for charity. Some of the associated buildings can also be hired for charitable purposes.

Contents

History

Eaton Hall in 1708

The estate has belonged to the Grosvenor family since the early 15th century, when Ralph (also known as Radulf, Raulyn or Randle) Grosvenor married Joan, daughter of John Eaton and heiress to the estate.[4] The house has been rebuilt several times. In 1675 William Samwell designed the original Eaton Hall for Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet of Eaton.[5] This building was not completed until 1683, after Samwell's death. Between 1804 and 1812 William Porden reconstructed the house in a Gothic style for Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster.[6] Porden doubled the size of the house, but retained the basement of the old house and some of the walls.[citation needed] He was assisted by Benjamin Gummow, who added wings to the house in 1823–25. Pevsner describes this as a "spectacular Gothic mansion".[6][7] Modifications were made to the house in 1845-46 by William Burn for Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster.[6]

The entrance front of Porden's hall in 1826

Between 1870 and 1883 the hall was encased, rebuilt and extended by Alfred Waterhouse for Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster at a cost of £600,000.[6][8] Pevsner describes the resulting building as follows:

...an outstanding expression of High Victorian originality. This Wagnerian palace was the most ambitious instance of Gothic Revival domestic architecture anywhere in the country, and to approach the W (i.e. entrance) front...was an unforgettably dramatic experience.[6]

This was probably the most expensive building project ever on an English country house: a reflection of the Marquess of Westminster's status as the richest man in the United Kingdom. (He became the 1st Duke of Westminster in 1874 while work was in progress, officially for his philanthropic work). The reconstructed house was extremely irregular and asymmetrical, but again some of the old structure was retained, and the nine bay, three storey form of the former house was still apparent in the centre of the facade of the main block. This version of Eaton Hall featured a large chapel with a bell tower, which was connected to the other wings of the house, but stood apart from the them. The tower bore a strong resemblance to the clock tower, Big Ben of the Palace of Westminster in London. At one time, "There is no place like home" was played on the bells each time the Duke approached the house.[citation needed]

A photograph taken about 1880 showing the garden front of Waterhouse's hall. The main block is on the left and the family wing is at the far right. The clock tower of the chapel can be seen in the background

From 1896 to 1947 the estate was served by the 15-inch (380 mm) gauge Eaton Hall Railway. The line ran from the hall to a depot at Balderton on the Chester-Wrexham line[9] and a spur went to Cuckoo's Nest, where there was a repair yard.[10] Part of the old railway route was re-opened in 1996.[11]

Eaton Hall served as a hospital in both World Wars and as an Officer Cadet training school from 1946 to the late 1950s.[12] By this time the fabric of the house had deteriorated[13] and in 1961 its demolition began, preserving Waterhouse's chapel, clock tower and stables.[14] In 1970 John Dennys, brother-in-law of Robert Grosvenor, 5th Duke of Westminster, designed a house in a modern architectural style. This proved to be unsatisfactory, and in the 1990s it was reduced to a shell, recased and an extra floor added, giving it the appearance of a French château.[13]

Hall and associated structures

The house contains a fine collection of furniture and paintings assembled by the Grosvenor family. The family made its fortune by developing most of Belgravia and Pimlico and a large slice of Mayfair, all of which are in London. Pimlico has been sold, but the family still owns many properties in Mayfair and Belgravia.[citation needed]

To the north of the hall is Eaton Chapel, with its clock tower, which designed by Waterhouse and which is a Grade I listed building. The decorative scheme of the chapel on the subject 'Te Deum', which includes stained glass and stone mosaic, was developed by Frederic Shields.[15] Immediately to the north of the chapel is the Stable Court, again designed by Waterhouse; this is listed Grade II*.[16] The buildings in the Stable Court are in brick, red stone, and half-timbering with red tile roofs. The west range has a half-timbered upper storey with two gables and a central gatehouse with turrets which are polygonal at the base and circular higher up, with conical roofs. On each side of the gatehouse are two-storey arcades with gables above them. In the courtyard is a statue of a horse by Joseph Boehm[17] which is listed Grade II.[18] At the southeast corner of the stable yard is a postillion's house designed by Waterhouse, dated 1873, and listed Grade II*.[19] In a lobby between the stable yard and the chapel is an artificial grotto, designed by Waterhouse and listed Grade II.[20] In the area around the Stable Court are further structures listed Grade II. To the north is the Coachhouse Court, which consists of a coach-house, a covered court and a riding school. These were designed in the 1870s by Waterhouse for the 1st Duke.[21] To the north of this are Eaton Hall Cottages, four attached cottages, which were designed about the same time.[22] In the forecourt between the Coachhouse Court and the cottages is a lodge, with gates, piers and screens.[23] Near to the cottages is the former engine shed of the Eaton Hall Railway.[24] To the east of the stable yard is a chapel-like sandstone game pantry dating from the 1870s.[25]

Grounds

History

The initial landscaping of the park is said to have been by Capability Brown and the formal gardens were probably laid out by W. A. Nesfield in the middle of the 19th century.[26] At the beginning of the 19th century some areas of the park were designed by John Webb, who also built the lake (now known as the Fish Pond) to the east of the house.[27] In 1897–98 the Italian Garden was designed by Edwin Lutyens and it was re-designed in 1911 by Detmar Blow.[26] Since the early 1990s the gardens have been further developed under Gerald Grosvenor, the 6th Duke of Westminster, and his wife, with he help of the garden designers Arabella Lennox-Boyd and Vernon Russell Smith.[28]

Formal gardens

Eaton Hall from the Italian Garden, 2006

To the east of the house a series of terraces lead down to the Fish Pond.[27] The retaining walls at the southern end of the upper terrace are listed Grade II.[29] The retaining walls at the end of the upper terrace and the steps leading down to the middle terrace are listed Grade II.[30] Stretching along the middle terrace is a long rectangular pool containing a three fountains.[27] The retaining walls of this pool are listed Grade II,[31] as are the railings on the north and the south side of the terrace.[32][33] On each side of the pool are two compartments framed by yew hedges. Between these compartments, on each side, is a statue by Raymond Smith.[34] Both of these were made in 1852 for the 2nd Marquess and are listed Grade II. The one to the north depicts a stag at bay[35] and that to the south a hunter on a rearing horse.[36]

From the end of the pool, steps lead down to a smaller rectangular pool at right-angles to the first.[37] The steps and the retaining wall at the end of the terrace are listed Grade II.[38] The retaining walls of the pond are also listed Grade II.[39] This area contains two statues by Jonathan Kenworthy. From this pool a path, known as the Broad Walk, stretches to the north and the south. At each end of the Broad Walk is a building designed by Waterhouse for the 3rd Marquess.[40] At the north end is the Parrot House, dating from 1881–83, which is built in yellow terracotta. It is the form of a round colonnaded Ionic temple with a shallow domed roof. Above the colonnade and the inner drum are concentric balustrades. A flight of eleven steps leads to the south entrance. The Parrot House is listed Grade II.[41] At the south end of the Broad Walk is a loggia, dating from about 1880. This is built in buff and red sandstone. At its front are three arches between Ionic columns. The loggia was built to enclose a Roman altar which had been found in 1821 at a spring near Boughton and brought to Eaton in 1822. The loggia is listed Grade II.[42] To the east and west of the loggia are reconstructed Roman columns, each of which is listed Grade II.[43][44]

South of the loggia is the Dutch Tea Garden which was laid out by C. E. Mallows about 1905. The garden contains the Tea House which was designed by John Douglas.[45] This has a cruciform plan and is a half-timbered building on a sandstone plinth. The roof is of red tiles which sweeps upwards to a small spire surmounted by a weathercock. It is listed Grade II.[46] In the centre of the garden is a statue of Mercury and in front of the Tea House are two stone Talbots.[47] To the north of the Tea House on the path leading to the Broad Walk is a pair of wrought iron gates made in 1913 for the 2nd Duke. The gates and their overthrow are listed Grade II.[48]

Kitchen Garden

To the south of the Hall is a formal garden known as the Italian Garden. This contains a pool at the centre of which is the Dragon Fountain.[47] This is listed Grade II.[49] In the Italian Garden are two statues, also listed Grade II, which were taken from the old hall when it was demolished; these are a statue of Joan of Eaton[50] and of the Norman Bishop Odo.[51]

Leading from the north of the house is the Spring Walk which leads towards the Kitchen Garden in which food is grown for the family. To the east of the Kitchen Garden is the Camellia Walk, a long greenhouse filled with camellias. This is 388 feet (118 m) long and is believed to be the longest glass corridor in the world.[52] It is listed Grade II.[53] Some of the gates in this garden are believed to have been designed by Lutyens[45] are listed Grade II.[54] Other walls and gates around the garden were designed by Waterhouse around 1870 and are listed Grade II*.[55]

To the west of the house is the forecourt which has as its centrepiece a pool containing an equestrian statue of the 1st Duke.[56] This depicts the duke on horseback holding aloft a falcon. It is in bronze and was made between 1870 and 1879 for the Duke by G. F. Watts. It is listed Grade II*.[57] The retaining walls of the pond are listed Grade II.[58] To the west of the forecourt are the Golden Gates, which are listed Grade I.[59] The other listed building in the gardens is a large stone urn on the east side of the Fish Pool dating from about 1880. This consists of a richly carved urn 10 feet (3 m) high on a circular pedestal which forms the final feature of the eastern view from the Hall. It is listed Grade II.[60]

Other features

View along Belgrave Avenue

The grounds can be entered by a number of approaches, each of which includes structures of architectural importance.[61] Belgrave Avenue, some 1.75 miles (3 km) long, is a straight drive which leads from the Wrexham Road (B5445) to the Golden Gates and to the forecourt on the east of the hall. Belgrave Lodge, on the south side of the avenue was built in 1899 to a design by John Douglas for the 1st Duke. It is built in red bricks with yellow stone plinths, bands and other dressings and is listed Grade II.[62] The associated lodge gates, piers and wing walls were also designed at the same time by Douglas and are also listed Grade II.[63] Part way along the avenue, on its north side, is Upper Belgrave Lodge. This was also designed by Douglas for the 1st Duke, it is dated 1877, and is Grade II listed.[64] Further along the avenue is a Grade II listed obelisk in red sandstone with a copper cap, dated 1890, which was designed by Douglas and Fordham.[65]

Aldford Lodge

The Aldford Approach leads from the village of Aldford[61] and crosses the River Dee by the Grade I-listed Aldford Iron Bridge which was built in 1824 by William Hazledine for the 1st Marquis.[66] Iron Bridge Lodge, adjacent to this bridge, was designed by Douglas and Fordham in 1894 and is listed Grade II.[67] Also on this approach is Coachmore Hill Lodge which was designed in the 1880s by Douglas; it is listed Grade II.[68] On the approach, near the Dutch Tea Garden are gates with an overthrow, and piers dating from about 1870 in Classic Revival style which are listed Grade II.[69]

From the north of the hall are two further approaches. The Eccleston Approach goes to the village of Eccleston and, slightly to the west, the Chester Approach bypasses the village going through Eccleston Hill.[61] Associated with these approaches are further listed buildings. Of these, the major structure is Eccleston Hill Lodge which was designed in 1881–82 by Douglas for the 1st Duke which is listed Grade II*. This is a three-storeyed gatehouse tower with multiple attached smaller towers and a steeply hipped roof.[70] The other structures are listed Grade II and comprise Eccleston Lodge which was designed by Douglas and Fordham in 1894,[71] its associated gates, piers and wing railings,[72] a sandstone balustered causeway south of the lodge carrying the drive,[73] a house called Eaton Boat, designed by Douglas about 1880,[74] Garden Lodge designed by Waterhouse in 1881–83,[75] a pair of gates, railings and screen walls adjoining the lodge dating from 1881–83 by Waterhouse,[76] Stud Lodge storehouse and domestic offices, designed in 1883 by Douglas,[77] the Stud Riding School,[78] the Stud Stables,[79] the House East of Stud,[80] Eaton Estate Office designed by Waterhouse in 1880,[81] the North Lodge dated 1881 by Waterhouse,[82] the North Lodge gate and post from about 1881 also by Waterhouse,[83] the Garden House dated 1893 by Douglas and Minshull,[84] and gates and gate piers to the south of Garden House.[85]

Present day

Eaton Hall is a private residence and is not open to the public, but the gardens are open on three days each year to raise money for charity.[86] In the area of the Stable Court are a number of rooms which are used for exhibitions. The Carriage Museum holds the Westminster Collection of Carriages.[87] The Exhibition Room houses a collection of items relating to the Grosvenor family,[88] and the History Room contains items about the history of the family and illustrations of the hall at various stages in the past.[89] The Stables include items relating to the family's horses.[90] In the garden, the Parrot House contains an exhibition of paintings by the Victorian artist Henry Stacy Marks.[91] Some of the areas in the stable court are available for hire for charitable fund raising. The Long Room, which was refurbished in 1992 and which now has the character of a large country house drawing room, can hold 150 people. The former saddle room is now a dining room.[92] The carriage room and adjoining buildings have been converted into the Wolf Room, which has a movable stage and audio-visual facilities. It can seat 200 people and contains eight black-chalk pictures of birds by Joseph Wolf.[93] The Chapel is usually reserved for the family but in December each year it can be used for carol concerts for charity.[94]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Eaton Hall: Summary, Parks & Gardens Data Services, http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,site/id,1214/tab,summary/Itemid,293/, retrieved 2009-01-03 
  2. ^ U.K. Database of Historic Parks and Gardens: Eaton Hall, Eccleston, University of York, http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/arch/landscapes/ukpg/sites/eatonecc.htm, retrieved 2008-03-11 
  3. ^ Eaton Hall: Description, Parks & Gardens Data Services, http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,site/id,1214/tab,description/Itemid,293/, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  4. ^ Ormerod 1882, p. ii:833.
  5. ^ Colvin, Howard Montagu. A biographical dictionary of English architects, 1600-1840. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954. ISBN 0-300072-07-4
  6. ^ a b c d e Pevsner and Hubbard 2003, p. 208.
  7. ^ A description of the exterior, interior and contents of this house are at Ormerod 1882, pp. ii:838–839.
  8. ^ An account of the house, its contents and some details of the gardens at that time are given in Ormerod 1882, p. ii:840.
  9. ^ Pastscape: Monument No. 1381018, English Heritage, http://pastscape.english-heritage.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1381018&search=all&criteria=pulford, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  10. ^ Pastscape: The Cuckoos Nest, English Heritage, http://pastscape.english-heritage.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1381019&search=all&criteria=pulford, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  11. ^ Eaton Railway, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Exhibits/Eaton+Railway.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  12. ^ Eaton Hall, Lost Heritage, http://lh.matthewbeckett.com/houses/lh_cheshire_eatonhall.html, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  13. ^ a b Groves 2004, p. 70.
  14. ^ Pevsner and Hubbard 2003, pp. 207–209.
  15. ^ Images of England: Eaton Chapel, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55260, retrieved 2009-01-04 
  16. ^ Images of England: Stable Court, Eaton Park, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55263, retrieved 2009-01-04 
  17. ^ Pevsner and Hubbard 2003, pp. 209–210.
  18. ^ Images of England: Equestrian statue, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55264, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  19. ^ Images of England: Former postillion's house, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55262, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  20. ^ Images of England: Grotto, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55261, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  21. ^ Images of England: Coachhouse Court, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55265, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  22. ^ Images of England: Eaton Hall Cottages, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55266, retrieved 2009-01-08 
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  24. ^ Images of England: Former Eaton Railway Engine Shed, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55267, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  25. ^ Images of England: Game Pantry, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55268, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  26. ^ a b Pevsner and Hubbard 2003, pp. 209–210.
  27. ^ a b c Groves 2004, p. 72.
  28. ^ Groves 2004, pp. 70, 72, 74.
  29. ^ Images of England: Southern retaining walls, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55287, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  30. ^ Images of England: Retaining wall and steps, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55272, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  31. ^ Images of England: Axial wall of canal, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55273, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  32. ^ Images of England: Railing to north side of middle terrace, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55276, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  33. ^ Images of England: Railing to south side of middle terrace, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55277, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  34. ^ Groves 2004, pp. 72–73.
  35. ^ Images of England: Statue (Stag at bay), English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55274, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  36. ^ Images of England: Equestrian Statue, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55275, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  37. ^ Groves 2004, p. 73.
  38. ^ Images of England: Retaining wall and steps, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55278, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  39. ^ Images of England: Retaining walls of oval pond, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55279, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  40. ^ Groves 2004, pp. 73–74.
  41. ^ Images of England: Parrot House, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55280, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  42. ^ Images of England: Loggia, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55281, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  43. ^ Images of England: Column east of Loggia, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55283, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  44. ^ Images of England: Column west of Loggia, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55282, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  45. ^ a b Pevsner and Hubbard 2003, p. 211.
  46. ^ Images of England: Tea House, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55285, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  47. ^ a b Groves 2004, p. 75.
  48. ^ Images of England: Pair of Gates and Overthrow north of Tea House, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55286, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  49. ^ Images of England: Dragon Fountain, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55288, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  50. ^ Images of England: Statue of Joan of Eaton, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55291, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  51. ^ Images of England: Statue of the Norman Bishop Odo, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55290, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  52. ^ Groves 2004, pp. 75–77.
  53. ^ Images of England: Long Greenhouse, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55271, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  54. ^ Images of England: Pair of Folding Gates with Screens and Piers, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55292, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  55. ^ Images of England: Walls, with Pair of Gates and Overthrow, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55269, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  56. ^ Groves 2004, p. 77.
  57. ^ Images of England: Equestrian Statue of Hugh Lupus, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55293, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  58. ^ Images of England: Retaining walls to pond, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55294, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  59. ^ Images of England: Golden Gates and Overthrow, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55240, retrieved 2009-01-16 
  60. ^ Images of England: Large Urn, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55284, retrieved 2009-01-07 
  61. ^ a b c Wirral & Chester: Explorer map 266. Ordnance Survey.
  62. ^ Images of England: Belgrave Lodge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55243, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  63. ^ Images of England: Belgrave Lodge Gates, Piers and Wing Walls, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55244, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  64. ^ Images of England: Upper Belgrave Lodge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55242, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  65. ^ Images of England: Obelisk, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55241, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  66. ^ Images of England: Iron Bridge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55196, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  67. ^ Images of England: Iron Bridge Lodge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55348, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  68. ^ Images of England: Coachmore Hill Lodge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55238, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  69. ^ Images of England: Gates, overthrow and piers, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55239, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  70. ^ Images of England: Eccleston Hill Lodge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55295, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  71. ^ Images of England: Eccleston Lodge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55258, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  72. ^ Images of England: Eccleston Lodge gates, piers and wing railings, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55296, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  73. ^ Images of England: Causeway, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55259, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  74. ^ Images of England: Eaton Boat, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55252, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  75. ^ Images of England: Garden Lodge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55250, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  76. ^ Images of England: Pair of gates, railings and screen walls, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55251, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  77. ^ Images of England: Stud Lodge storehouse and domestic offices, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55256, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  78. ^ Images of England: Stud Riding School, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55255, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  79. ^ Images of England: Stud Stables, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55254, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  80. ^ Images of England: House East of Stud, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55253, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  81. ^ Images of England: Eaton Estate Office, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55257, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  82. ^ Images of England: North Lodge, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55246, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  83. ^ Images of England: North Lodge Gate and Posts, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55247, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  84. ^ Images of England: The Bothy, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55249, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  85. ^ Images of England: Gates and gate piers, English Heritage, http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=55248, retrieved 2009-01-08 
  86. ^ Garden Open Days, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Garden+Open+Days.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  87. ^ Carriage Museum, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Exhibits/Carriage+Museum.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  88. ^ Exhibition Room, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Exhibits/Exhibition+Room.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  89. ^ History Room, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Exhibits/History+Room.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  90. ^ Stables, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Exhibits/Stables.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  91. ^ The Parrot House, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Exhibits/The+Parrot+House.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  92. ^ Long Room, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Facilities/Long+Room.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  93. ^ Wolf Room, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Facilities/Wolf+Room.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 
  94. ^ Chapel, Grosvenor Estate, http://www.eatonestate.co.uk/Events/Facilities/Chapel.htm, retrieved 2009-01-14 

Bibliography

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