Edmond Malone

Edmond Malone
Sir Joshua Reynolds's portrait on oil of Edmond Malone.
Born	October 4, 1741 Dublin, Ireland
Died	April 25, 1812
Occupation	Lawyer, historian

Edmond Malone (October 4, 1741 – April 25, 1812) was an Irish Shakespearean scholar and editor of the works of William Shakespeare. His first name is sometimes spelled Edmund.

Biography

He was born in Dublin, the son of Edmond Malone, MP of the Irish House of Commons and judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and was called to the Irish bar in 1767. The death of his father in 1774 assured him an income, and he went to London, where he frequented literary and artistic circles. He frequently visited Samuel Johnson and was of great assistance to James Boswell in revising and proofreading his Life, four of the later editions of which he annotated. He was friendly with Sir Joshua Reynolds, and sat for a portrait now in the National Portrait Gallery.

He was one of Reynolds' executors, and published a posthumous collection of his works (1798) with a memoir. Horace Walpole, Edmund Burke, George Canning, Oliver Goldsmith, Lord Charlemont, and, at first, George Steevens, were among Malone's friends. Encouraged by Charlemont and Steevens, he devoted himself to the study of Shakespearian chronology, and the results of his Attempt to ascertain the Order in which the Plays of Shakespeare were written (1778) are still largely accepted. This was followed in 1780 by two supplementary volumes to Steevens's version. of Dr Johnson's Shakespeare, partly consisting of observations on the history of the Elizabethan stage, and of the text of doubtful plays; and this again, in 1783, by an appendix volume. His refusal to alter some of his notes to Isaac Reed's edition of 1785, which disagreed with Steevens's, resulted in a quarrel with the latter.

The next seven years were devoted to Malone's own edition of Shakespeare in eleven volumes, of which his essays on the history of the stage, his biography of Shakespeare, and his attack on the genuineness of the three parts of Henry VI, were especially valuable. His editorial work was lauded by Burke, criticized by Walpole and damned by Joseph Ritson. It certainly showed indefatigable research and proper respect for the text of the earlier editions.

Malone published a denial of the claim to antiquity of the Rowley poems produced by Thomas Chatterton, and in this (1782) as in his branding (1796) of the Ireland manuscripts as forgeries, he was among the first to guess and state the truth. His elaborate edition of John Dryden's works (1800), with a memoir, was another monument to his industry, accuracy and scholarly care. In 1801 the University of Dublin made him an LL.D.

At the time of his death, Malone was at work on a new octavo edition of Shakespeare, and he left his material to James Boswell the younger; the result was the edition of 1821 generally known as the Third Variorum edition in twenty-one volumes. Lord Sunderlin (1738-1816), his elder brother and executor, presented the larger part of Malone's splendid collection of books, including dramatic varieties, to the Bodleian Library, which afterwards bought many of his manuscript notes and his literary correspondence. The British Museum also owns some of his letters and his annotated copy of Johnson's Dictionary.

A memoir of Malone by James Boswell is included in the prologemena to the edition of 1821. See also Sir J Prior's Life of Edmond Malone (1860).

Chronology of Works

• 1778 - An attempt to ascertain the order in which the plays attributed to Shakespeare were written. In Works of Shakespeare (1778), Volume I.
• 1780 - Supplement to Johnson and Steevens’s edition of Shakespeare’s Plays.
• 1787 - A Dissertation on the Three Parts of Kind Henry VI.
• 1790 - Works of Shakespeare. Sixteen volumes.
• 1792 - A Letter to the Rev. Richard Farmer; Relative to the Edition of Shakspeare, published in MDCCXC, and some late criticisms on that work. (This is the date of the 2nd edition.)
• 1796 - An inquiry into the authenticity of certain miscellaneous papers and legal instruments published Dec 24 MDCCXCV and attributed to Shakspeare, Queen Elizabeth and Henry, Earl of Southampton.
• 1800 - The Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected: With Notes and Illustrations; an Account of the Life and Writings of the Author Grounded on Original and Authentick Documents. Four volumes.
• 1801 - The Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Knight.
• 1809 - An account of the incidents from which the title and part of the story of Shakspeare’s Tempest were derived; and its true date ascertained.
• 1821 - Life of Shakespeare. In Works of Shakespeare (1821), Volume II.

Cultural impact

The town of Malone, in New York, was named after him.

See also

• Shakespeare's Editors

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J. M. Dent & sons; New York, E. P. Dutton.