Cultural period of Japanese history corresponding to the
Tokugawa period of governance (1603 – 1867).
Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first Tokugawa
shogun, chose Edo (present-day Tokyo) as Japan's new capital, and it became one of the largest cities of its time and was the site of a thriving urban culture. In literature,
Basho developed poetic forms later called
haiku, and
Ihara Saikaku composed virtuoso comic linked-verse and humorous novels; in theatre, both
kabuki (with live actors) and
bunraku (with puppets) entertained townspeople (samurai, for whom theatregoing was forbidden, often attended in disguise). The development of polychrome woodblock printing techniques made it possible for ordinary people to obtain prints of popular kabuki actors or trendsetting courtesans (
see ukiyo-e). Travelogues extolled the scenic beauty or historic interest of spots in distant provinces, and temple or shrine pilgrimages to distant places were popular. In scholarship, Kokugaku ("National Learning") called attention to Japan's most ancient poetry and oldest written histories. The study of Europe and its sciences, called
rangaku, or "Dutch learning," became popular despite extremely limited contact with Europe.
Neo-Confucianism was also popular.
See also Genroku period.
For more information on Edo culture, visit Britannica.com.