Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich

Sir Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, 1625–1672 by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1666.

Portrait of Edward Montagu by Lely painted ca. 1655-59.

Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, KG (27 July 1625 – 28 May 1672) was an English Infantry officer who later became a naval officer. He was the only surviving son of Sir Sidney Montagu, and was brought up at Hinchingbrooke House.

He served the Cause of Parliament by raising a regiment of infantry in June of 1643 and then he went on to serve the Commonwealth of England and, in 1656 he became a General at Sea. After the Restoration he served Charles II as Admiral, commanding the fleet that brought him back from exile in May 1660. Two months later, on 12 July 1660, he was created Baron Montagu of St Neots, Viscount Hinchingbrooke, and Earl of Sandwich. King Charles also made him a Knight of the Garter and appointed him Master of the Great Wardrobe, Admiral of the narrow seas, and Lieutenant Admiral to The Duke of York, Lord High Admiral of England. He carried St. Edward's staff at Charles' subsequent coronation.

In the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665 to 1667 he fought at the Battle of Lowestoft but defeat at the Battle of Vågen led to him being removed from service. He was subsequently reappointed however, and by 1672 at the start of the Third Anglo-Dutch War he was Vice-Admiral of the Blue with the Royal James as his flagship. At the Battle of Solebay his ship was attacked by a group of fire ships and was destroyed with the loss of many lives, including Sandwich himself, whose charred body was found washed ashore and only recognizable from the remains of his clothing.

On Wednesday 3 July 1672 he was buried in Westminster Abbey after a state funeral that started with a procession along the River Thames of five decorated barges from Deptford. The body was landed at Westminster at about 5.00pm and carried to the Abbey in a grand procession.

Montagu was the first cousin of the father of Samuel Pepys. Pepys started his career as a minor member of the Montagu household and owed his appointments first to the Wardrobe and then as Clerk of the Acts to the Navy Board to Montagu's influence. Pepys' diary provides a detailed primary source for Montagu's career in the 1660s.

Family

On 7 November 1642, Montagu married Jemima Crew, by whom he had ten children:

• Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Sandwich (1648–1688)
• Hon. Sidney Montagu (1650–1727)
• Hon. Oliver Montagu (c.1655 –1689)
• Hon. John Montagu (c.1655 – 25 February 1729), Dean of Durham
• Hon. Charles Montagu (c.1658–1721), married first Elizabeth Forester, second Sarah Rogers and had issue by both
• Lady Jemima Montagu, married Sir Philip Carteret (d. 1672)
• Lady Anne Montagu (d. 14 March 1729), married first Sir Richard Edgcumbe, second Christopher Montagu, elder brother of the Earl of Halifax
• Lady Catherine Montagu (c. September 1660 – 15 January 1757), married first Nicholas Bacon, second Rev. Balthazar Gardeman
• Hon. James Montagu
• Lady Paulina Montagu

Other relatives

• His Grandson Edward Montagu was the father-in-law of Prime Minister John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute.
• Descendants of his grandfather Edward Montagu were the ancestors of Prime Minister Lord North.

References

• Ollard, Richard Lawrence (1994). Cromwell's Earl : a life of Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-255003-2. 
• "Montagu Genealogy". http://stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/mm4fz/montagu03.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-01. 

London Gazette #691 Monday July 1, to Thursday July 4 1672

External links

• Biography of Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich British Civil Wars and Commonwealth website
• The Electronic Calendar of the Carte Papers, 1660-87 The Carte Papers, held at the Bodleian Library, include correspondence of Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich