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Elymais or Elamais (Graecized form of the more ancient name, Elam) was a semi-independent state of the 2nd century BC to the early third century AD, frequently a vassalary under Parthian control, and located at the head of the Persian Gulf in the present-day region of Khuzestan, Iran (Susiana).[1] It was reportedly these people were great archers and natives of Susa, which lies to the east of Elymais territory. Most of the Elymais were probably descendants of the ancient Elamites[1], who once had control of that area in the past. The provinces of Elymais were Massabatice (later Masabadhan), Corbiane and Gabiane.
Nothing is known of their language, even though "Elamite" was still used by the Achaemenid Empire 250 years before the Elymais came into existence.[2] The kingdom of Elymais survived until its extinction by Sassanid invasion in early third century AD.
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Coinage
The coins depicted a king; it isn't known whether this was a Parthian king or a local ruler as such information hasn't come to light through any means. But these coins were based on Greek standards, of debased Drachms and Tetradrachms. The royal picture is generally based on "Parthian" coinage, usually with an anchor with star in crescent figure, but the reverse has only horizontal lines (this has led numismatists to believe that the engravers didn't know Greek or copied from coins whose writing was already unintelligible)[3].
The Kings
- Adapted from German Wikipedia
- Kamnaskires I Soter (ca. 147 BC)
- Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (ca. 145–139 BC)
- Okkonapses (ca 139 BC)
- Tigraios (138/37–133/32 BC)
- Kamnaskires III (82/81–75 BC)
- Kamnaskires IV (62/61 or 59/58 BC and 56/55 BC)
- Kamnaskires V and successors (36/35 BC)
- Orodes I (first half of the first century AD)
- Orodes II (second half of the first century AD)
- Kamnaskires-Orodes III (second half of the second century AD)
- Phraates (end of the first century or beginning of the second century AD)
- Oroes (?) (second century AD)
See also
References
- ^ a b Iranica.com - ELYMAIS
- ^ G. Cameron Persepolis Treasury Tablets (1948), and R. Hallock, Persepolis Fortification Tablets (1969). See also Persepolis Fortification Archive.
- ^ Coins of Elymais
External links
- Elymais coinage
- About Elymais and the type of coinage
- http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/elymais/elymais.html
- http://www.seleukids.org/Elymais.html
- Some history and coin definitions
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