| Emperor Kaika | |
|---|---|
| 9th Emperor of Japan | |
 |
|
| Reign | legendary |
| Born | legendary |
| Died | legendary |
| Buried | Kasuga no Izakawa no sak no e no Misasagi (Nara) |
| Predecessor | Emperor Kōgen |
| Successor | Emperor Sujin |
Emperor Kaika (開化天皇, Kaika-tennō); also known as Wakayamatonekohikooobi no Mikoto; is the 9th emperor of Japan to appear on the traditional list of emperors.[1] Emperor Kaika is considered by most historians to be a legendary figure, and the name Kaika Tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations.
Contents |
Legendary narrative
Modern scholars have come to question the existence of at least the first nine emperors; and Kaika's son Emperor Sujin is the first many agree might have actually existed, in third or fourth century.[2]
No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign. Kaika is regarded by historians as a "legendary emperor" because of the paucity of information about him, which does not necessarily imply that no such person ever existed. There is insufficient material available for further verification and study. If Kaika did exist, there is no evidence to suggest that the title tennō was used during the time period to which his reign has been assigned. It is much more likely that he was a chieftain, or local clan leader, and the polity he ruled would have only encompassed a small portion of modern day Japan.
In Kojiki and Nihonshoki, only his name and genealogy were recorded. The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and an Imperial misasagi or tomb for Kaika is currently maintained; however, no extant contemporary records have been discovered which confirm a view that this historical figure actually reigned. He was the eighth of eight emperors without specific legends associated with them, also known as the "eight undocumented monarchs" (欠史八代, Kesshi-hachidai). [3]
Jien records that Kaika was the second son of Emperor Kōgen, and that he ruled from the palace of Isakawa-no-miya at Kasuga in what will come to be known as Yamato province.[4]
Kaika is a posthumous name. It is undisputed that this identification is Chinese in form and Buddhist in implication, which suggests that the name must have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Kaika, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki.[3]
The Imperial Household has designated Kasuga no Izakawa no sak no e no Misasagi at Nara as the official mausoleum of Emperor Kaika.[5]
Consorts and Children
Empress: Ikagashikome (伊香色謎命), daughter of Oohesoki (大綜麻杵)
- Prince Mimakiirihikoinie (御間城入彦五十瓊殖尊) (Emperor_Sujin)
- Princess Mimatsuhime (御真津比売命)
Taniwa no Takanohime (丹波竹野媛), daughter of Taniwa no Ooagatanushi Yugori (丹波大県主由碁理)
- Prince Hikoyumusu (彦湯産隅命)
Hahatsuhime (姥津媛), younger sister of Washihime
- Prince Hikoimasu (彦坐王), great-grandfather of (Emperor_Keikō), great2-grandfather of (Empress_Jingū)
Washihime (鸇比売), daughter of katsuragi no Tarumi no Sukune (葛城垂見宿禰)
- Prince Taketoyohazurawake (建豊波豆羅和気王)
See also
Notes
- ^ Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 252; Varley, Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 93; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 6-7.
- ^ "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl," Japan Times. March 27, 2007.
- ^ a b Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 148-149.
- ^ Brown, p. 252.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 418.
References
- Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. [reprinted by Tuttle Publishing, Tokyo, 2007. 10-ISBN 0-8048-0984-4; 13-ISBN 978-0-8048-0984-9]
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220], Gukanshō (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
- Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki (A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Emperor Kōgen |
Legendary Emperor of Japan 157 BC-98 BC |
Succeeded by Emperor Sujin |
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