Endel Tulving: Information from Answers.com

Endel Tulving, OC, FRSC, FRS (born May 26, 1927) is a Canadian neuroscientist, born in Estonia, whose researches memory with a speciality in episodic memory. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Toronto and a Visiting Professor of Psychology at Washington University. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Toronto and his doctorate from Harvard University.

One of his main contributions is his theory of "encoding specificity." The theory emphasizes the fact that memories are retrieved from long-term memory by means of retrieval cues. For example, a very large number of memories stored in ones brain are not currently active, but the word "Disneyland" might instantly call to mind a trip to that amusement park. The theory of encoding specificity states that the most effective retrieval cues are those that were stored along with the memory of the experience itself. Thus, the words "amusement park" might not serve to retrieve the memory of a trip to Disneyland because, while there, the park was not specifically thought of as an "amusement park." Instead, it was thought of as Disneyland. As such, that is the cue that retrieves the appropriate memory from the vast ocean of memories that are stored in one's brain.

His work about episodic memory used the amnesic patient KC, who had intact semantic memory but no episodic memory.

In 1979, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1992, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. He is also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.^[1] In 2005 he won a Gairdner Foundation International Award, Canada's leading prize in biology and medicine. ^[1] In 2006, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honour. ^[2] In 2007, he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.

Professor Tulving has an h-index of 65.

He supervised Daniel Schacter's Ph.D. dissertation.

References

^ "The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences: Endel Tulving". http://www.kva.se/KVA_Root/eng/contact/searchcontacts/detail.asp?PersonID=1073. Retrieved 2009-05-01.

External links

v • d • e Mental process: learning: memory

Basic concepts	Encoding • Storage • Recall Attention • Memory consolidation • Neuroanatomy of memory

Long-term memory	Active recall • Autobiographical memory • Declarative memory • Episodic memory • Explicit memory • Flashbulb memory • Hyperthymesia • Implicit memory • Procedural memory • Rote learning • Selective retention • Semantic memory • Tip of the tongue

Short-term memory	The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two • Working memory

Sensory memory	Echoic memory • Iconic memory • Motor learning • Visual memory

Forgetting	Amnesia • Anterograde amnesia • Childhood amnesia • Forgetting curve • Memory inhibition • Post-traumatic amnesia • Psychogenic amnesia • Repressed memory • Retrograde amnesia • Selective memory loss • Transient global amnesia • Weapon focus

Research	Art of memory • Exceptional memory • Indirect tests of memory • Lost in the mall technique • Memory disorder • Reconstruction of automobile destruction • The Seven Sins of Memory

Related concepts	Absent-mindedness • Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model • Confabulation • Cryptomnesia • Emotion and memory • Eidetic memory • Exosomatic memory • Free recall • Involuntary memory • Levels-of-processing effect • List of memory biases • Memory and aging • Memory and trauma • Metamemory • Mnemonic • Prospective memory • Priming • Recovered memory therapy • Retrospective memory

Culture and society	Cultural memory • False memory syndrome • Politics of memory • Shass Pollak • Transactive memory • World Memory Championships

Notable people	Robert A. Bjork • Stephen J. Ceci • Susan Clancy • Dominic O'Brien • Hermann Ebbinghaus • Sigmund Freud • Jennifer Freyd • Patricia Goldman-Rakic • Jonathan Hancock • HM (patient) • Ivan Izquierdo • Judith Lewis Herman • Eric Kandel • KC (patient) • Elizabeth Loftus • Geoffrey Loftus • Marcia K. Johnson • James McGaugh • Paul R. McHugh • George Armitage Miller • Lynn Nadel • Ben Pridmore • Henry L. Roediger III • Steven Rose • Cosmos Rossellius • Daniel Schacter • Richard Shiffrin • Larry Squire • Susumu Tonegawa • Anne Treisman • Endel Tulving

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