Indonesia has more endemic birds than any other country. Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity (after Brazil).[1]
Most endemic birds are in the Wallacea region of eastern Indonesia. Sulawesi supports twelve endemic bird genera. Of all Indonesian endemic birds, about sixty-one species are threatened: thirty-seven species are listed as Vulnerable, twenty-three are Endangered and eleven species are listed as Critical on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Conservation Status
| NE = Not Evaluated | NT = Near Threatened | CR = Critical |
| DD = Data Deficient | VU = Vulnerable | EW = Extinct in the Wild |
| LC = Least Concern | EN = Endangered | EX = Extinct |
Craciformes
Megapodiidae
- Aepypodius bruijnii Bruijn's Brush-turkey - VU
- Talegalla cuvieri Red-billed Brush-turkey - LC
- Macrocephalon maleo Maleo - EN
- Eulipoa wallacei Moluccan Scrubfowl - VU
Megapodius bernsteinii Sula Scrubfowl - NT- Megapodius tenimberensis Tanimbar Scrubfowl - NE
- Megapodius geelvinkianus Biak Scrubfowl - VU
Galliformes
Phasianidae
- Anurophasis monorthonyx Snow Mountain Quail - NT
- Arborophila orientalis White-faced Hill-partridge - VU
- Arborophila javanica Chestnut-bellied Partridge - LC
- Arborophila rubrirostris Red-billed Partridge - LC
- Gallus varius Green Junglefowl - LC
- Lophura hoogerwerfi Aceh Pheasant - VU
- Lophura inornata Salvadori's Pheasant - VU
- Polyplectron chalcurum Bronze-tailed Peacock-pheasant - LC
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Accipitridae
- Spilornis rufipectus Sulawesi Serpent-eagle - LC
- Accipiter griseiceps Sulawesi Goshawk - LC
- Accipiter trinotatus Spot-tailed Goshawk - LC
- Accipiter henicogrammus Moluccan Goshawk - LC
- Accipiter nanus Small Sparrowhawk - NT
- Accipiter erythrauchen Rufous-necked Sparrowhawk - LC
- Accipiter rhodogaster Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk - LC
- Spizaetus floris Flores Hawk-eagle - EN
- Spizaetus bartelsi Javan Hawk-eagle - EN
- Spizaetus lanceolatus Sulawesi Hawk-eagle - LC
Gruiformes
Rallidae
- Rallina leucospila White-striped Forest-rail - NT
- Gallirallus sharpei Sharpe's Rail - DD
- Aramidopsis plateni Snoring Rail - VU
- Gymnocrex rosenbergii Blue-faced Rail - VU
- Gymnocrex talaudensis Talaud Rail - EN
- Amaurornis isabellinus Isabelline Waterhen - LC
- Amaurornis magnirostris Talaud Bush-hen - NE
- Habroptila wallacii Invisible Rail - VU
Turniciformes
Turnicidae
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Scolopacidae
- Scolopax saturata Javan Woodcock - NT
- Scolopax celebensis Sulawesi Woodcock - NT
- Scolopax rochussenii Moluccan Woodcock - EN
Columbiformes
Columbidae
- Reinwardtoena reinwardtsi Great Cuckoo-dove - LC
- Turacoena manadensis White-faced Cuckoo-dove - LC
- Geopelia maugeus Barred Dove - LC
- Gallicolumba tristigmata Sulawesi Ground-dove - LC
- Goura cristata Western Crowned-pigeon - VU
- Treron griseicauda Grey-cheeked Green-pigeon - LC
- Treron floris Flores Green-pigeon - VU
- Treron teysmannii Sumba Green-pigeon - NT
- Treron oxyurus Sumatran Green-pigeon - NT
- Ptilinopus porphyreus Pink-headed Fruit-dove - LC
- Ptilinopus dohertyi Red-naped Fruit-dove - VU
- Ptilinopus fischeri Red-eared Fruit-dove - LC
- Ptilinopus subgularis Maroon-chinned Fruit-dove - NT
- Ptilinopus bernsteinii Scarlet-breasted Fruit-dove - LC
- Ptilinopus wallacii Wallace's Fruit-dove - LC
- Ptilinopus monacha Blue-capped Fruit-dove - NT
- Ptilinopus hyogastrus Grey-headed Fruit-dove - LC
- Ptilinopus granulifrons Carunculated Fruit-dove - VU
- Ducula forsteni White-bellied Imperial-pigeon - LC
- Ducula radiata Grey-headed Imperial-pigeon - LC
- Ducula perspicillata White-eyed Imperial-pigeon - LC
- Ducula myristicivora Spice Imperial-pigeon - LC
- Ducula basilica Cinnamon-bellied Imperial-pigeon - LC
- Ducula lacernulata Dark-backed Imperial-pigeon - LC
- Ducula luctuosa White Imperial-pigeon - LC
- Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa Sombre Pigeon - LC
- Gymnophaps mada Long-tailed Mountain-pigeon - LC
Psittaciformes
Psittacidae
- Loriculus stigmatus Sulawesi Hanging-parrot - LC
- Loriculus amabilis Moluccan Hanging-parrot - LC
- Loriculus sclateri Sula Hanging-parrot - LC
- Loriculus catamene Sangihe Hanging-parrot - EN
- Loriculus exilis Red-billed Hanging-parrot - NT
Loriculus pusillus Yellow-throated Hanging-parrot - NT- Loriculus flosculus Flores Hanging-parrot - EN
- Micropsitta geelvinkiana Geelvink Pygmy-parrot - NT
- Cacatua moluccensis Salmon-crested Cockatoo - VU
- Cacatua alba White Cockatoo - VU
- Cacatua goffiniana Tanimbar Cockatoo - NT
- Chalcopsitta atra Black Lory - LC
- Eos histrio Red-and-blue Lory - EN
- Eos squamata Violet-necked Lory - LC
- Eos bornea Red Lory - LC
- Eos reticulata Blue-streaked Lory - NT
- Eos cyanogenia Black-winged Lory - VU
- Eos semilarvata Blue-eared Lory - LC
- Trichoglossus ornatus Ornate Lorikeet - LC
- Trichoglossus flavoviridis Yellow-and-green Lorikeet - LC
- Psitteuteles iris Iris Lorikeet - NT
- Lorius garrulus Chattering Lory - EN
- Lorius domicella Purple-naped Lory - VU
- Charmosyna toxopei Blue-fronted Lorikeet - CR
- Prioniturus flavicans Yellowish-breasted Racquet-tail - NT
Prioniturus platurus Golden-mantled Racquet-tail - LCPrioniturus mada Buru Racquet-tail - LC- Tanygnathus gramineus Black-lored Parrot - VU
- Alisterus amboinensis Moluccan King-parrot - LC
- Psittaculirostris salvadorii Salvadori's Fig-parrot - VU
Cuculiformes
Cuculidae
- Cuculus crassirostris Sulawesi Hawk-cuckoo - LC
- Cacomantis heinrichi Moluccan Cuckoo - NT
- Chrysococcyx crassirostris Pied Bronze-cuckoo - LC
- Eudynamys melanorhynchus Black-billed Koel - LC
- Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus Yellow-billed Malkoha - LC
- Carpococcyx viridis Sumatran Ground-cuckoo - CR
- Centropus goliath Goliath Coucal - LC
- Centropus spilopterus Kai Coucal - LC
- Centropus chalybeus Biak Coucal - NT
- Centropus nigrorufus Sunda Coucal - VU
- Centropus celebensis Bay Coucal - LC
Strigiformes
Tytonidae
- Tyto inexspectata Sulawesi Golden Owl - VU
- Tyto nigrobrunnea Taliabu Masked-owl - EN
- Tyto sororcula Lesser Masked-owl - DD
- Tyto rosenbergii Sulawesi Owl - LC
Strigidae
- Otus umbra Simeulue Scops-owl - NT
- Otus angelinae Javan Scops-owl - VU
- Otus manadensis Sulawesi Scops-owl - LC
- Otus collari Sangihe Scops-owl - LC
- Otus alfredi Flores Scops-owl - EN
- Otus siaoensis Siau Scops-owl - CR
- Otus enganensis Enggano Scops-owl - NT
- Otus beccarii Biak Scops-owl - EN
- Otus mentawi Mentawai Scops-owl - NT
- Otus silvicola Wallace's Scops-owl - LC
- Glaucidium castanopterum Javan Owlet - LC
- Ninox rudolfi Sumba Boobook - NT
- Ninox sumbaensis Little Sumba Hawk-owl - NT
- Ninox ios Cinnabar Hawk-owl - VU
- Ninox ochracea Ochre-bellied Hawk-owl - NT
- Ninox burhani Togian Hawk-owl - NE
- Ninox punctulata Speckled Hawk-owl - LC
Caprimulgiformes
Caprimulgidae
- Eurostopodus diabolicus Sulawesi Eared-nightjar - VU
- Caprimulgus celebensis Sulawesi Nightjar - LC
- Caprimulgus pulchellus Salvadori's Nightjar - NT
Aegothelidae
Apodiformes
Apodidae
Trogoniformes
Trogonidae
Coraciiformes
Coraciidae
Alcedinidae
- Actenoides monachus Green-backed Kingfisher - NT
- Actenoides princeps Scaly Kingfisher - LC
- Tanysiptera ellioti Kofiau Paradise-kingfisher - DD
- Tanysiptera riedelii Biak Paradise-kingfisher - NT
- Tanysiptera carolinae Numfor Paradise-kingfisher - NT
- Cittura cyanotis Lilac-cheeked Kingfisher - NT
- Caridonax fulgidus White-rumped Kingfisher - LC
- Pelargopsis melanorhyncha Black-billed Kingfisher - LC
- Halcyon cyanoventris Javan Kingfisher - LC
- Todirhamphus diops Blue-and-white Kingfisher - LC
- Todirhamphus lazuli Lazuli Kingfisher - NT
- Todirhamphus funebris Sombre Kingfisher - VU
- Todirhamphus enigma Talaud Kingfisher - NT
- Ceyx fallax Sulawesi Kingfisher - NT
- Alcedo coerulescens Small Blue Kingfisher - LC
Meropidae
Bucerotiformes
Bucerotidae
- Penelopides exarhatus Sulawesi Hornbill - LC
- Aceros cassidix Knobbed Hornbill - LC
- Aceros everetti Sumba Hornbill - VU
Piciformes
Ramphastidae
- Megalaima corvina Brown-throated Barbet - LC
- Megalaima javensis Black-banded Barbet - NT
- Megalaima armillaris Flame-fronted Barbet - LC
Picidae
Passeriformes
Pittidae
- Pitta schneideri Schneider's Pitta - VU
- Pitta maxima Ivory-breasted Pitta - LC
- Pitta dohertyi Sula Pitta - NT
- Pitta venusta Graceful Pitta - VU
- Pitta elegans Elegant Pitta - LC
Ptilonorhynchidae
Meliphagidae
- Oreornis chrysogenys Orange-cheeked Honeyeater - LC
- Melitograis gilolensis White-streaked Friarbird - LC
- Philemon brassi Brass's Friarbird - NT
- Philemon fuscicapillus Dusky Friarbird - VU
- Philemon moluccensis Black-faced Friarbird - LC
- Philemon subcorniculatus Grey-necked Friarbird - LC
- Melipotes gymnops Arfak Honeyeater - LC
- Melidectes leucostephes Vogelkop Melidectes - LC
- Ptiloprora erythropleura Rufous-sided Honeyeater - LC
- Myza celebensis Dark-eared Myza - LC
- Myza sarasinorum White-eared Myza - LC
- Lichmera lombokia Scaly-crowned Honeyeater - LC
- Lichmera argentauris Olive Honeyeater - LC
- Lichmera limbata Indonesian Honeyeater - LC
- Lichmera squamata White-tufted Honeyeater - LC
- Lichmera deningeri Buru Honeyeater - LC
- Lichmera monticola Seram Honeyeater - LC
- Lichmera notabilis Black-chested Honeyeater - LC
- Myzomela blasii Drab Myzomela - LC
- Myzomela kuehni Crimson-hooded Myzomela - NT
- Myzomela dammermani Sumba Myzomela - LC
- Myzomela chloroptera Sulawesi Myzomela - LC
- Myzomela wakoloensis Wakolo Myzomela - LC
- Myzomela boiei Banda Myzomela - LC
Acanthizidae
- Sericornis rufescens Vogelkop Scrubwren - LC
- Gerygone hypoxantha Biak Gerygone - EN
- Gerygone dorsalis Rufous-sided Gerygone - LC
Artamidae
Campephagidae
- Coracina schistacea Slaty Cuckoo-shrike - LC
- Coracina personata Wallacean Cuckoo-shrike - LC
- Coracina atriceps Moluccan Cuckoo-shrike - LC
- Coracina fortis Buru Cuckoo-shrike - NT
- Coracina temminckii Cerulean Cuckoo-shrike - LC
- Coracina bicolor Pied Cuckoo-shrike - NT
- Coracina leucopygia White-rumped Cuckoo-shrike - LC
- Coracina parvula Halmahera Cuckoo-shrike - LC
- Coracina abbotti Pygmy Cuckoo-shrike - LC
- Coracina dohertyi Sumba Cicadabird - LC
- Coracina sula Sula Cicadabird - LC
- Coracina dispar Kai Cicadabird - NT
- Coracina morio Sulawesi Cicadabird - LC
- Coracina ceramensis Pale Cicadabird - LC
- Lalage leucopygialis White-rumped Triller - LC
- Lalage sueurii White-shouldered Triller - LC
- Lalage aurea Rufous-bellied Triller - LC
- Lalage moesta White-browed Triller - LC
- Pericrocotus lansbergei Flores Minivet - LC
- Pericrocotus miniatus Sunda Minivet - LC
Pachycephalidae
- Hylocitrea bonensis Olive-flanked Whistler - LC
- Coracornis raveni Maroon-backed Whistler - LC
- Pachycephala phaionota Island Whistler - LC
- Pachycephala sulfuriventer Sulphur-bellied Whistler - LC
- Pachycephala meyeri Vogelkop Whistler - LC
- Pachycephala nudigula Bare-throated Whistler - LC
- Pachycephala griseonota Drab Whistler - LC
- Pachycephala arctitorquis Wallacean Whistler - LC
Oriolidae
- Sphecotheres hypoleucus Wetar Figbird - NT
- Oriolus bouroensis Black-eared Oriole - LC
- Oriolus forsteni Grey-collared Oriole - LC
- Oriolus phaeochromus Dusky-brown Oriole - LC
Colluricinclidae
Dicruridae
- Dicrurus sumatranus Sumatran Drongo - NT
- Dicrurus montanus Sulawesi Drongo - LC
- Dicrurus densus Wallacean Drongo - LC
Rhipiduridae
- Rhipidura phoenicura Rufous-tailed Fantail - LC
- Rhipidura euryura White-bellied Fantail - LC
- Rhipidura diluta Brown-capped Fantail - LC
- Rhipidura fuscorufa Cinnamon-tailed Fantail - NT
- Rhipidura teysmanni Rusty-bellied Fantail - LC
- Rhipidura superflua Tawny-backed Fantail - LC
- Rhipidura dedemi Streaky-breasted Fantail - LC
- Rhipidura opistherythra Long-tailed Fantail - NT
Monarchidae
- Eutrichomyias rowleyi Caerulean Paradise-flycatcher - CR
- Monarcha pileatus White-naped Monarch - LC
- Monarcha castus Loetoe Monarch - LC
- Monarcha mundus Black-bibbed Monarch - LC
- Monarcha sacerdotum Flores Monarch - EN
- Monarcha everetti White-tipped Monarch - EN
- Monarcha loricatus Black-tipped Monarch - LC
- Monarcha boanensis Black-chinned Monarch - CR
- Monarcha leucurus White-tailed Monarch - NT
- Monarcha julianae Black-backed Monarch - DD
- Monarcha brehmii Biak Monarch - EN
- Myiagra atra Biak Flycatcher - NT
- Myiagra galeata Dark-grey Flycatcher - LC
Corvidae
- Corvus typicus Piping Crow - LC
- Corvus unicolor Banggai Crow - CR
- Corvus florensis Flores Crow - EN
- Corvus validus Long-billed Crow - LC
- Corvus fuscicapillus Brown-headed Crow - NT
Paradisaeidae
- Lycocorax pyrrhopterus Paradise-crow - LC
- Paradigalla carunculata Long-tailed Paradigalla - NT
- Astrapia nigra Arfak Astrapia - LC
- Parotia sefilata Western Parotia - LC
- Cicinnurus respublica Wilson's Bird-of-paradise - NT
- Semioptera wallacii Wallace's Standardwing - LC
- Paradisaea rubra Red Bird-of-paradise - NT
Petroicidae
- Peneothello cryptoleuca Smoky Robin - LC
- Microeca hemixantha Golden-bellied Flyrobin - NT
- Petroica archboldi Snow Mountain Robin - DD
Aegithalidae
- Psaltria exilis Pygmy Tit - LC
Cisticolidae
Pycnonotidae
- Pycnonotus leucogrammicus Cream-striped Bulbul - LC
- Pycnonotus tympanistrigus Spot-necked Bulbul - NT
- Pycnonotus bimaculatus Orange-spotted Bulbul - LC
- Alophoixus affinis Golden Bulbul - LC
- Hypsipetes virescens Green-winged Bulbul - LC
Sylviidae
- Tesia superciliaris Javan Tesia - LC
- Tesia everetti Russet-capped Tesia - LC
- Cettia carolinae Tanimbar Bush-warbler - NT
- Bradypterus castaneus Chestnut-backed Bush-warbler - LC
- Phylloscopus sarasinorum Sulawesi Leaf-warbler - LC
- Seicercus grammiceps Sunda Warbler - LC
Timaliidae
- Trichastoma celebense Sulawesi Babbler - LC
- Trichastoma buettikoferi Sumatran Babbler - NT
- Malacocincla perspicillata Black-browed Babbler - VU
- Napothera rufipectus Rusty-breasted Wren-babbler - LC
- Stachyris grammiceps White-breasted Babbler - NT
- Stachyris thoracica White-bibbed Babbler - LC
- Stachyris melanothorax Crescent-chested Babbler - LC
- Macronous flavicollis Grey-cheeked Tit-babbler - LC
- Garrulax rufifrons Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush - NT
- Alcippe pyrrhoptera Javan Fulvetta - LC
- Crocias albonotatus Spotted Crocias - NT
- Malia grata Malia - LC
Zosteropidae
- Zosterops salvadorii Enggano White-eye - LC
- Zosterops chloris Lemon-bellied White-eye - LC
- Zosterops grayi Pearl-bellied White-eye - NT
- Zosterops uropygialis Golden-bellied White-eye - NT
- Zosterops consobrinorum Pale-bellied White-eye - LC
- Zosterops anomalus Lemon-throated White-eye - LC
- Zosterops wallacei Yellow-spectacled White-eye - LC
- Zosterops atrifrons Black-crowned White-eye - LC
- Zosterops nehrkorni Sangihe White-eye - CR
- Zosterops stalkeri Seram White-eye - NE
- Zosterops atriceps Creamy-throated White-eye - LC
- Zosterops mysorensis Biak White-eye - NT
- Zosterops buruensis Buru Yellow White-eye - LC
- Zosterops kuehni Ambon Yellow White-eye - NT
- Tephrozosterops stalkeri Bicoloured White-eye - LC
- Madanga ruficollis Rufous-throated White-eye - EN
- Lophozosterops javanicus Javan Grey-throated White-eye - LC
- Lophozosterops squamiceps Streaky-headed White-eye - LC
- Lophozosterops superciliaris Yellow-browed White-eye - LC
- Lophozosterops pinaiae Grey-hooded White-eye - LC
- Lophozosterops dohertyi Crested White-eye - LC
- Heleia crassirostris Thick-billed White-eye - LC
Sturnidae
- Aplonis crassa Tanimbar Starling - NT
- Aplonis mysolensis Moluccan Starling - LC
- Aplonis magna Long-tailed Starling - LC
- Basilornis celebensis Sulawesi Myna - LC
- Basilornis galeatus Helmeted Myna - NT
- Basilornis corythaix Long-crested Myna - LC
- Streptocitta albicollis White-necked Myna - LC
- Streptocitta albertinae Bare-eyed Myna - NT
- Enodes erythrophris Fiery-browed Myna - LC
- Scissirostrum dubium Finch-billed Myna - LC
- Leucopsar rothschildi Bali Starling - CR
- Sturnus melanopterus Black-winged Starling - EN
Turdidae
- Myophonus melanurus Shiny Whistling-thrush - LC
- Myophonus glaucinus Javan Whistling-thrush - LC
- Myophonus castaneus Chestnut-winged Whistling-thrush - NE
- Geomalia heinrichi Geomalia - NT
- Zoothera schistacea Slaty-backed Thrush - NT
- Zoothera dumasi Buru Thrush - NT
- Zoothera joiceyi Seram Thrush - NT
- Zoothera leucolaema Enggano Thrush - NT
- Zoothera erythronota Red-backed Thrush - NT
- Zoothera mendeni Red-and-black Thrush - NT
- Zoothera machiki Fawn-breasted Thrush - NT
- Cataponera turdoides Sulawesi Thrush - LC
- Cochoa beccarii Sumatran Cochoa - VU
- Cochoa azurea Javan Cochoa - VU
- Heinrichia calligyna Great Shortwing - LC
Muscicapidae
- Cinclidium diana Sunda Robin - LC
- Enicurus velatus Sunda Forktail - LC
- Rhinomyias additus Streaky-breasted Jungle-flycatcher - NT
- Rhinomyias oscillans Russet-backed Jungle-flycatcher - LC
- Rhinomyias colonus Henna-tailed Jungle-flycatcher - NT
- Muscicapa segregata Sumba Brown Flycatcher - NT
- Ficedula rufigula Rufous-throated Flycatcher - NT
- Ficedula buruensis Cinnamon-chested Flycatcher - LC
- Ficedula henrici Damar Flycatcher - VU
- Ficedula harterti Sumba Flycatcher - LC
- Ficedula bonthaina Lompobattang Flycatcher - EN
- Cyornis sanfordi Matinan Flycatcher - EN
- Cyornis hoevelli Blue-fronted Flycatcher - LC
- Cyornis ruckii Rueck's Blue-flycatcher - CR
- Cyornis omissus Sulawesi Blue-flycatcher - LC
Chloropseidae
Dicaeidae
- Dicaeum annae Golden-rumped Flowerpecker - LC
- Dicaeum aureolimbatum Yellow-sided Flowerpecker - LC
- Dicaeum nehrkorni Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker - LC
- Dicaeum erythrothorax Flame-breasted Flowerpecker - LC
- Dicaeum vulneratum Ashy Flowerpecker - LC
- Dicaeum igniferum Black-fronted Flowerpecker - LC
- Dicaeum celebicum Grey-sided Flowerpecker - LC
- Dicaeum sanguinolentum Blood-breasted Flowerpecker - LC
- Dicaeum trochileum Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker - LC
Nectariniidae
- Nectarinia buettikoferi Apricot-breasted Sunbird - LC
- Aethopyga duyvenbodei Elegant Sunbird - EN
- Aethopyga eximia White-flanked Sunbird - LC
Estrildidae
- Lonchura molucca Black-faced Munia - LC
- Lonchura ferruginosa White-capped Munia - LC
- Lonchura quinticolor Five-colored Munia - LC
- Lonchura pallida Pale-headed Munia - LC
- Lonchura vana Grey-banded Munia - VU
- Lonchura montana Snow Mountain Munia - LC
- Padda oryzivora Java Sparrow - VU
Previous page: List of Indonesian birds: passerines
References
- ^ Lester, Brown, R (1997). State of the World 1997: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society (14th edition). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 7. ISBN 0393040089.
- Birdlife International, The World List of Threatened Birds, ISBN 1-56098-528-3
- Birdlife International, Endemic Bird Areas of the World, ISBN 1-56098-574-7
- Morten Strange, A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Indonesia, ISBN 0-691-11495-1
- Periplus Ac+ion Guides, Birding Indonesia, ISBN 962-593-071-X
- The Howard and Moore, Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, ISBN 0-691-11701-2
External links
See also
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