| English | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
originally England, now worldwide |
| Genetic classification: |
Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Anglo-Frisian English |
| Subdivisions: | |
The English languages (also called insular Germanic[1] and Anglic[2][3]) are a group of linguistic varieties including Old English and the languages descended from it.[4] These include Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English; Early Scots, Middle Scots, and Modern Scots; and the now extinct Yola and Fingalian in Ireland.
English-based creole languages are not generally included, as only their lexicon, not their linguistic structure, comes from English.
| Old English (Northumbrian, Mercian, Kentish, West Saxon) | |||||
| Early Northern Middle English |
Early Midland & Southeastern Middle English |
Early Southern & Southwestern Middle English |
|||
| Early Scots | Northern Middle English |
Midland Middle English |
Southeastern Middle English |
Southern Middle English |
Southwestern Middle English |
| Middle Scots | Northern Early Modern English | Midland Early Modern English | Metropolitan Early Modern English | Southern Early Modern English | Southwestern EME, Yola, Fingalian |
| Modern Scots | Northern Modern English | Midland Modern English | Standard Modern English | Southern Modern English | West Country Modern English |
Notes
- ^ Woolf, Alex (2007), From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 0-7486-1234-5, p. 336
- ^ J. Derrick McClure Scots its range of Uses in A. J. Aitken, Tom McArthur, Languages of Scotland, W. and R. Chambers, 1979. p.27
- ^ Thomas Burns McArthur, The English Languages, Cambridge University Press, 1998. p.203
- ^ ethnologue
See also
- List of dialects of the English language
- Regional accents of English speakers
- History of the English language
- History of the Scots language
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