The equivalent (symbol: eq or Eq), sometimes termed the molar equivalent is a unit of amount of substance used in chemistry and the biological sciences.
The equivalent is formally defined as the amount of a substance which will either:
- react with or supply one mole of hydrogen ions (H+) in an acid–base reaction; or
- react with or supply one mole of electrons in a redox reaction.[1][2]
The mass of one equivalent of a substance is called its equivalent weight.
A historical definition, used especially for the chemical elements, describes the equivalent as the amount of a substance that will react with one gram of hydrogen, or with eight grams of oxygen or with 35.5 grams of chlorine.[3]
In practice, the amount of a substance in equivalents often has a very small magnitude, so it is frequently described in terms of milliequivalents (mEq or meq), the prefix milli denoting that the measure is divided by 1000. Very often, the measure is used in terms of milliequivalents of solute per litre of solvent (or milliNormal) ( (mEq/l = mN). This is especially common for measurement of compounds in biological fluids; for instance, the healthy level of potassium in the blood of a human is defined between 3.5 and 5.0 mEq/l.
Use in biochemistry and medicine
The composition of drug preparations, such as intravenous fluids, is usually stated in mmol/l rather than mEq/l. This is conceptually easier because the molarity refers to the number of dissolved particles, not the number of available charges. This simplifies understanding the composition of physiological solutions which contain the divalent ions Mg2+ and Ca2+.
References
- ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. "equivalent entity". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition.
- ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1998). Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (definitive rules 1997, 3rd. ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-86542-6155. section 6.3.
- ^ "Atome", Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle, 1, Paris: Pierre Larousse, 1866, pp. 868–73. (French)
External links
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
