| Spindle | |
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| European Spindle foliage and fruit | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Celastrales |
| Family: | Celastraceae |
| Genus: | Euonymus L. |
| Species | |
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The spindles, genus Euonymus (pronounced /juːˈɒnɪməs/),[1] comprise about 170–180 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs and small trees. They live mostly in East Asia, including the Himalayas,[2] and they also have a distribution in Europe, Asia, Australasia, North America and Madagascar.
The flowers are situated in small groups, inconspicuous and of green or yellow shades.[2] The leaves are opposite (rarely alternate) and simple ovoid, typically 2–15 cm long, and usually with a finely serrated margin.
The fruit is a pink-red four- or five-valved pod-like berry, which splits open to reveal the fleshy-coated orange seeds. The seeds are eaten by frugivorous birds, which digest the fleshy seed coat and disperse the seeds in their droppings. All parts of the plants are poisonous to humans if eaten.
Cultivation and uses
The wood was traditionally used for the making of spindles for spinning wool; this use is the origin of the English name of the shrubs.
Spindles are popular garden shrubs, grown for their foliage, the deciduous species often exhibiting very bright red fall colours, and also for the decorative berries.
Selected species
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References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Euonymus |
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ a b "Botanica. The Illustrated AZ of over 10000 garden plants and how to cultivate them", p 358. Könemann, 2004. ISBN 3-8331-1253-0
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