A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and subnational levels. It is a combination of the federal republic and the parliamentary republic.
Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the subnational entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be dependent upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy.
List of federal parliamentary republics
| Federation | Style | Formerly | Subdivisions | Head of state | Head of government | Parliamentary republic adopted | Head of state elected by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | Republic | One-party state | States of Austria | President of Austria | Chancellor of Austria | 1955 | Direct, by second-round system |
| Ethiopia | Federal Democratic Republic | One-party state | Regions of Ethiopia | President of Ethiopia | Prime Minister of Ethiopia | 1991 | Parliament, by two-thirds majority |
| Germany | Federal Republic | One-party state | States of Germany | President of Germany | Chancellor of Germany | 1949 | Federal assembly (Parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority |
| India | Republic | Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm) | States of India | President of India | Prime Minister of India | 1950 | Parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote |
| Iraq | Republic | One-party state | Regions of Iraq | Prime Minister and President of Iraq | Prime Minister | 2005 | Parliament, by two-thirds majority |
| Nepal | Federal Democratic Republic | Constitutional monarchy | Yet to decide by the constituent assembly | President of Nepal | Prime Minister of Nepal | 2008 | Parliament, by two-thirds majority |
| Pakistan | Islamic Republic | Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm) | Subdivisions of Pakistan | President of Pakistan | Prime Minister of Pakistan | 1956 | Electoral College, by two-thirds majority |
| Russia | Federation | One-party state | Subjects of Russia | President of Russia | Prime Minister of Russia | 1991 | Direct, by second-round system |
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