ferromanganese

Ferromanganese, a ferroalloy with high content of manganese, is made by heating a mixture of the oxides MnO₂ and Fe₂O₃, with carbon in a furnace. They undergo a thermal decomposition reaction. It is used as a deoxidizer for steel.

Henry Bessemer invented the use of ferromanganese as a method of introducing manganese in controlled proportions during the production of steel. The advantage of combining powdered iron oxide and manganese oxide together is the lower melting point of the combined alloy compared to pure manganese oxide.

A North American standard specification is ASTM A99. The ten grades covered under this specification includes;
Standard ferromanganese
Medium-carbon ferromanganese
Low-carbon ferromanganese

A similar material is a pig iron with high content of manganese, is called spiegeleisen.

External links

• Jorgenson, John D.; Corathers, Lisa A.; Gambogi, Joseph; Kuck, Peter H.; Magyar, Michael J.; Papp, John F.; Shedd, Kim B.. "Minerals Yearbook 2006: Ferroalloys". United States Geological Survey. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/ferroalloys/myb1-2006-feall.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-04-24. 

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