System of government in France from 1958 to the present. Under the constitution crafted by
Charles de Gaulle with the help of
Michel Debré, executive power was increased at the expense of the National Assembly. In 1959 de Gaulle was inaugurated as the first president of the Fifth Republic, with Debré as his prime minister. In 1962 de Gaulle pushed through a constitutional amendment that provided for direct popular election of the president, and in 1965 he became the first French president elected by popular vote since 1848. He was succeeded by
Georges Pompidou (1969 – 74),
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974 – 81),
François Mitterrand (1981 – 95),
Jacques Chirac (1995 – 2007), and Nicolas Sarkozy (from 2007).
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