flag of Serbia
- See also: List of Serbian flags
The flag of Serbia is a tricolour with Pan-Slavic colours, with three equal horizontal fields, red on the top, blue in the middle and white on the bottom, and the Coat of Arms of Serbia centered vertically and located left of center by one-seventh of the flag's length[1]. The same tricolour, in a number of variations, was the flag of Serbia throughout history, as well as the flag of various other Serbian states, and the national flag of Serbs.
 State Flag of Serbia, ratio:
2:3 |
 National Flag of Serbia |
A similar flag was also used between 1882, when Serbia was proclaimed a kingdom, and abandoned in 1918, when it joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1945, Serbia became a republic within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and a communist star was added to the middle, dropped in 1991. The current form of the flag was officially adopted on August 16 2004 in form of recommendation issued by the Parliament of Serbia[2]. By adoption of the new Constitution of Serbia on November 8 2006, its usage became constitutionally sanctioned (along with the coat of arms and anthem), and the state and national (popular) flag were equalized[3] (the version without coat of arms was used as national flag in the meantime).
On June 5, 2006 Serbia proclaimed independence after Montenegro voted for independence from the state union. On June 8, 2006 the new flag was raised for the first time in front of the United Nations headquarters in New York City.
Design
The flag ratio is 2:3 (height/width), with the three colours each taking one third of the height. Recommended colours, starting from the top, are[4]:
- Red, Pantone 193C, CMYK 0-90-70-10
- Blue, Pantone 287C, CMYK 100-55-0-0
- White, CMYK 0-0-0-0
- Yellow (on the coat of arms), Pantone 116C, CMYK 0-10-95-0
The flag has small Coat of Arms of Serbia centered vertically and located left
of center by one-seventh of the length of the flag.[1]
Other official flags
History
Medieval flags
Flag of Stefan Vladislav
Reconstruction of the
flag of Serbia described in 1281The oldest known description of a flag of Serbia is from 1281 description of treasury of king
Flag of Tsar Dusan
The oldest known drawing of a flag of Serbia is from the 1339 map of Angelino Dulcert. The map depicts a number of flags, and Serbia is represented by a flag placed above Skoplje (Skopi) with the name Serbia (Seruja) near the hoist, which was characteristic for capital cities at the time of the drawing of the map. The flag is red two-headed eagle on yellow field.[7]
Flags of the First Serbian Uprising
During the First Serbian Uprising, a large variety of flags was used. Among the early flags, the one described by Mateja Nenadović could be connected with today's flag: it was white-red-blue with three crosses[8]. Regular army of the uprising usually had light yellow flags with various symbols, while voivode flags were often red-white, made of silk, and defaced with black two-headed eagle from the coat of arms of Russia. There were also flags of other colors, including red-yellow, red-white-blue and red-blue. This variety of colors was followed by variety of symbols on the flags, most often taken from Hristofor Žefarović's Stematography. The most common symbol on the flags is Serbian cross, followed by coat of arms of Tribalia and various other crosses.[9]
Most of the flags were made in Sremski Karlovci, designed by Serbian painters Stefan and Ilija Gavrilović, and Nikola Apostolović.[9]
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Modern flags
First introduction
1835 Sretenje Constitution prescribed the flag of Serbia as horizontal tricolour of red, white and steel blue (čelikasto-ugasita) stripes. The constitution was criticized, especially by Russia, and the flag was specifically singled out as being similar to the revolutionary flag of France[1]. Soon afterwards, Miloš Obrenović was requesting to the Porte that the new constitution should contain an article about the flag and coat of arms[2], and subsequent ferman (1835) allowed Serbs to use their own maritime flag, which will have "upper part of red, middle of blue, and lower of white colour"[3], which is the first appearance of the colors which has remained until today.
The colors are exactly reverse of those on the flag of Russia, and various popular stories exist in Serbia which seek to explain why. An example:[4]
| “ | In Karađorđe's time, a delegation from Serbia went to Russia to seek help, and after arrival was at a celebration. When they were asked why don't they participate in the parade, they hastily entered and turned Russian flag upside down. The citizens have thus noticed that Serbs have their flag too. | ” |
1882-1918 flag
Flag of
Kingdom of Serbia (1882-1918).Kingdom of Serbia used the same tricolour with the big coat of arms. The merchant ensign contained only the shield and the crown of the big coat of arms, therefore closely resembling the today's flag.
During the World War I, use of the flag was forbidden in occupied Serbia[5]. After the war, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) was created
(see Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). Serbia did not exist as a
territorial division in Yugoslavia and didn't have any flag.
1945-1991 flag
After World War II, the League of
Communists of Yugoslavia came to power in Yugoslavia, and split it into six republics, one of which was Serbia. The red
star was used on the middle of the new flag of Serbia, as was the case with other flags of the Yugoslav Socialist Republics and very flag of Yugoslavia. Exactly the same flag was used as
flag of Montenegro.[5]
1991-2004 flag
After the breakup of Yugoslavia, the red star was removed from the
flag.[5] The official dimensions were
2:1[citation needed].
Adaptations
Montenegro has in its history had identical flags to that of Serbia. This was very common as Montenegrins are both regarded by Serbs and them selves as Serbs. It is still very common today to see political parties on Montenegro who support reunification with Serbia to carry these flags to rallies and other events.
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Flag of
Montenegro (1993-2004) Ratio: 1:3- An earlier version of the flag of Montenegro looked similar to the Serbian flag, but with a different hue of blue (azzure colour) and different internal dimensions (ratio 1:3).
(1910-1918) The Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro was very similar if not identical to the Serbian flag apart from the Montenegrin coat of arms which features the same white double headed eagle Serbia has used since the 7th century.
- Republika Srpska (a part of Bosnia and Herzegovina) uses the same flag but without the coat of arms.
- The Serbian Orthodox Church uses the Serbian flag in a 1:4 or higher ratio embossed with the Serbian cross.
Proper flag protocol
State flag
The state flag of Serbia is constantly flown on the entrance of a building of a state organ of Serbia, and displayed in their rooms. The National Assembly is flying it only during a session and during state holidays. Organs of provinces, Vojvodina and (in theory) Kosovo and Metohija, are flying it only on a state holiday.[6]
It can also be flown during celebrations and other solemn manifestations which mark events of importance for Serbia, and on other occasions[7]. During days of mourning, it is flown at half mast but only by provincial and local organs and public services[8].
The flag also has to be displayed in an election room during an election for state bodies[9] and in the room of civil registry dedicated for marriage (the registrar has to carry a sash with flag colors as well)[10].
People's flag
The people's flag of Serbia is constantly flown on the entrance of the Assembly and organs of provinces and public services. It has to be displayed in an election room during an election for provincial or local organs.[11]
Also, it can be hoisted during celebrations and other cultural or sport manifestations, and on other occasions[12].
Other flags
The President of Serbia and the President of the National Assembly of Serbia are using their Standards instead of the state flag[13].
Respect for the flag
Neither state nor people's flag can be hoisted so that they touch the ground, nor be used as rests, tablecloths, carpets or curtains, nor to cover vehicles or other objects, nor to attire speaker platforms or tables, except as table flags. They must not be used if damaged or otherwise look unsuitable for use.[14]
Handling of the flag
The flag is not flown in bad weather conditions. Also, it is flown only in daylight, unless it's illuminated. [15]
If the flag is flown vertically on a table or otherwise, its top field is on the left side of the viewer. If it is flown vertically across a street or square, its top field should be on the northern side if the street has east-west orientation, and eastern side if it has north-south orientation or on a circular square.[16]
Correct display
The law defines how the flag of Serbia is displayed along with other flags, making no difference between state flags and other kinds of flags.
If the flag is hoisted with another flag, it is always on the viewer's left, except during an official visit of a representative of another country or an international organization, when the flag of the visitor is it is on the viewer's left. If the flag is hoisted with another on crossed staffs, its staff must be the front one.
If the flag of Serbia is hoisted along with two flags, it must be in the middle.
If the flag is flown with multiple flags,
- if the flags are flown in a circle, it must be in the center of the circle, clearly visible;
- if the flags are flown in a semicircle, it must be in its vertex;
- if the flags are flown in a column, it must be in the front of the column;
- if the flags are flown in a row, it must be in the first place, that is, on the viewer's left;
- if the flags are flown in a group, it must be in the front of the group.[17]
See also
References
- ^ Mih. Gavrilovic, Suspendovanje prvog srpskog ustava februar-mart 1835 god., Arhiv za pravne i drustvene nauke, I, 1906, 410-412
- ^ D. Samardzic, Vojne zastave Srba do 1918, Beograd, 1983
- ^ D. Matic, Javno pravo Knjazevstva Srbije, Beograd, 1851, 33
- ^ LJ. M. V. - J. Ž. S.. "Hej, Bože pravde!", Vecernje novosti, 2006-08-01. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
- ^ a b c Branislav Ž. Vešović: Црногорске (српске) заставе
- ^ Conclusion on Use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Serbia, IV/1
- ^ Conclusion on Use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Serbia, IV/4
- ^ Conclusion on Use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Serbia, IV/3
- ^ Conclusion on Use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Serbia, IV/2
- ^ Family Law, article 299
- ^ Conclusion on Use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Serbia, IV/6
- ^ Conclusion on Use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Serbia, IV/7
- ^ Conclusion on Use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Serbia, IV/5
- ^ Conclusion on Use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Serbia, IV/8
- ^ Law on use of flag, anthem and coat of arms of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Article 13
- ^ Law on use of flag, anthem and coat of arms of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Article 12
- ^ Law on use of flag, anthem and coat of arms of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Article 11
External links
| National flags and coats of arms | |
|---|---|
| National flags | Sovereign states · Dependent territories · Unrecognized states · Formerly independent states |
| National coats of arms | Sovereign states · Dependent territories · Unrecognized states |
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