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focal

 
Dictionary: fo·cal   ('kəl) pronunciation

adj.
  1. Of or relating to a focus.
  2. Placed at or measured from a focus.
focally fo'cal·ly adv.

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1. limited to a small area or volume.
2. pertaining to or emanating from focus.

  • f. distance — see focal–film distance.
  • f. length — the distance between the lens and an object from which all rays of light are brought to a focus.
  • f. liver disease — widely disseminated micro-abscesses or abscesses, migration paths of helminth larvae.
  • f. macular melanosis — dark colored spots on the skin, not elevated above the skin surface but apt to be confused with melanosis.
  • f. myelitis–encephalitis — widely disseminated inflammatory lesions, usually the result of blood-borne infection, in brain and spinal cord.
  • f. symmetrical encephalomalacia — see focal symmetrical encephalomalacia.
  • f. symmetrical spinal poliomalacia — see focal symmetrical spinal poliomalacia.
  • f. ulcerative dermatitis — manifest by ulcers in the unfeathered anterior breast skin of 4 to 5 months old male turkeys. The incidence is influenced by litter type. Called also breast buttons.
  • f. zone — in ultrasound, the area of the transducer where the sound beam is most sharply focussed and where the area under examination will give the best image.
Wikipedia: Focal (HP-41)
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The Forty-one calculator language (Focal) is the language used to program the HP-41 range of expandable science/engineering calculators from Hewlett-Packard.

As with most other calculator programming languages of the 1980s, a Focal program is a linear list of instructions. Each instruction (or step) roughly correspond to a key (or key combination) press, and thus correspond to what the user would do if he was to perform the computation himself on the calculator. This paradigm made Focal programming relatively easy for the newcomer, but program maintenance could be a nightmare. Add to that the use of GOTO instructions—including going to a program step based on a value in a data register ("GTO IND"), a technique known as computed goto—and you had all the ingredients for the dreaded spaghetti code syndrome.

Program steps are numbered starting from 1, but this numbering has no intrinsic meaning, and can change as new instructions are added or removed in the middle of a program. A special instruction LBL is used to create a label, that can be used by the user to invoke the program, or by the program itself, as target of a GTO (unconditional go-to) or XEQ (execute) instruction.

Here's a very simple Focal program :

 001 LBL "DOUBLE"
 002 2
 003 *
 004 END
  • The LBL "DOUBLE" instruction is a label, indicating that the user can invoke the program by XEQ "DOUBLE". As this function can also be assigned to any key on the calculator's keyboard, this effectively adds a new function to the calculator.
  • The next two steps correspond to what the function does, mainly multiply the X register by 2 (the HP-41 uses RPN notation.)
  • The END instruction indicates the end of the program.

Note that contrary to many other programmable calculators, each Focal step could be stored in memory as more than one byte. While the calculator memory could hold 2233 bytes of program code, no reported program actually reached this number of steps.

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Translations: Focal
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Dansk (Danish)
adj. - fokal

idioms:

  • focal length    brændvidde, fokaldistance
  • focal plane    billedplan
  • focal point    brændpunkt

Nederlands (Dutch)
betreffende het brandpunt

Français (French)
adj. - focal

idioms:

  • focal length    distance focale
  • focal plane    plan focal
  • focal point    (Opt) foyer, point de convergence, (fig) point central

Deutsch (German)
adj. - Brennpunkt-, Brenn-

idioms:

  • focal length    Brennweite
  • focal plane    Brennebene
  • focal point    Brennpunkt, Fokus

Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - (οπτ., μτφ.) εστιακός

idioms:

  • focal length    (οπτ.) εστιακή απόσταση
  • focal plane    εστιακό επίπεδο
  • focal point    (οπτ.) εστία, (μτφ.) επίκεντρο (ενδιαφέροντος, ενέργειας)

Italiano (Italian)
focale

idioms:

  • focal length    distanza focale
  • focal plane    piano focale
  • focal point    fuoco

Português (Portuguese)
adj. - focal

idioms:

  • focal length    distância (f) focal (Ópt.)
  • focal plane    plano (m) focal (Ópt.)
  • focal point    foco (m)

Русский (Russian)
фокальный, фокусный

idioms:

  • focal length    фокусное расстояние
  • focal plane    фокальная плоскость
  • focal point    основной вопрос

Español (Spanish)
adj. - focal

idioms:

  • focal length    distancia focal
  • focal plane    plano focal
  • focal point    foco, punto focal

Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - fokal-

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
焦点的, 在焦点上的

idioms:

  • focal length    焦距
  • focal plane    焦面, 聚焦平面
  • focal point    焦点

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 焦點的, 在焦點上的

idioms:

  • focal length    焦距
  • focal plane    焦面, 聚焦平面
  • focal point    焦點

한국어 (Korean)
adj. - 초점상의, 초점을 연결하는

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 焦点の

idioms:

  • focal length    焦点距離
  • focal plane    焦平面
  • focal point    焦点, 中心

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(صفه) بؤري‏

עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - ‮של מוקד, מוקדי‬


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FFD
FL (abbreviation)
principal focus

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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Focal (HP-41)" Read more
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