Violent crowd disorder and associated soccer-related disturbance away from football grounds, which first gained public attention in the 1960s. Attempts have been made to explain football violence in terms of the psychological characteristics of the hooligans, but more recent sociological explanations see it as a ritualized form of behaviour, which is media amplified. The civilizing process has resulted in a decrease in its acceptance. See also deviance amplification, moral panic, labelling theory, ritualized behaviour, violence.



