1978 FIFA World Cup

1978 FIFA World Cup

Argentina '78
1978 FIFA World Cup official logo
Tournament details
Host country	Argentina
Dates	1 June – 25 June
Teams	16 (from 5 confederations)
Venue(s)	6 (in 5 host cities)
Final positions
Champions	Argentina (1st title)
Runner-up	Netherlands
Third place	Brazil
Fourth place	Italy
Tournament statistics
Matches played	38
Goals scored	102 (2.68 per match)
Attendance	1,546,151 (40,688 per match)
Top scorer(s)	Mario Kempes (6 goals)

The 1978 FIFA World Cup, the 11th staging of the FIFA World Cup, was held in Argentina between 1 June and 25 June. Argentina was chosen as hosts by FIFA in July 1966. The 1978 World Cup was won by Argentina who beat the Netherlands 3-1 after extra time in the final. This win was the first World Cup title for Argentina who became the fifth team (after Uruguay, Italy, England, and West Germany), to be both hosts and world champions.

Contents 1 Qualification 2 Summary 2.1 First Round 2.2 Second round 2.3 Final 3 Mascot 4 Venues 5 Match officials 6 Squads 7 Results 7.1 First round 7.1.1 Group 1 7.1.2 Group 2 7.1.3 Group 3 7.1.4 Group 4 7.2 Second round 7.2.1 Group A 7.2.2 Group B 7.3 Third place match 7.4 Final 8 Winner 9 Awards 10 Scorers 11 Other facts 11.1 Firsts 12 Notes 13 External links

Qualification

England failed to qualify for the second World Cup in succession, losing out to Italy. European champions Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union also failed to make it through the qualifying tournament. Newcomers to the finals were Iran and Tunisia, while France, Spain and Hungary were back for the first time since 1966.

Summary

First Round

The format of the competition stayed the same as in 1974: 16 teams qualified, divided into four groups of four. The top two teams in each group would advance to the second round, where they would be split into two groups of four. The winners of each group would play each other in the final, and the second place finishers in the third place match.

A controversial fact surrounding the 1978 World Cup was that Argentina had suffered a military coup only two years before the cup. Because of this, some countries, most notably the Netherlands, considered publicly whether they should participate in the cup. Despite this, all teams eventually participated without restrictions. Allegations that Dutch star Johan Cruijff refused to participate because of political convictions were refuted by him 30 years later^[1]. More controversy surrounded the host, Argentina, as all of their games in the first round kicked off at night, giving the Argentines the advantage of knowing where they stood in the group. This issue would arise again in Spain 1982, which prompted FIFA to change the rules so that the final two group games in subsequent World Cups would be played simultaneously.

The first round produced several surprises. Poland won Group 2 ahead of world champions West Germany, after holding the Germans to a goalless draw and then beating Tunisia and Mexico. The Germans played out a second goalless draw against Tunisia, and only redeemed themselves with a 6-0 thrashing of Mexico. Although they failed to qualify for the second round, Tunisia made history by beating Mexico 3-1. It was the first time that any African team had won a match at the World Cup finals.

Peru pushed the Netherlands into second place in Group 4, where Scotland missed out on goal difference for the second successive tournament. Teofilo Cubillas was outstanding for Peru, scoring twice against Scotland in Peru's 3-1 win and hitting a hat-trick in their 4-1 victory over Iran. Rob Rensenbrink of the Netherlands also scored three times against Iran, scoring all the goals as the Dutch won 3-0. Scotland drew with Iran 1-1 and the only highlight of their campaign was a 3-2 victory over the Netherlands in their final group game which was not enough to prevent elimination. Iran, the reigning Asian champions, went out of the tournament winless.

The biggest surprise of all came in Group 3, where Austria finished ahead of Brazil. The Austrians beat Spain and Sweden, while Brazil were held to draws by the same two teams. The draw with Sweden was especially controversial, due to the referee ending the first half just as Zico headed the ball into the net. Brazil needed to beat Austria in their final group game to be sure of progressing to the second round, and managed a 1-0 win thanks to a goal from Roberto Dinamite. Brazil and Austria thus finished with the same number of points and the same goal difference, but Austria won the group by virtue of having scored more goals.

Group 1 had the strongest line-up of teams in the first round, featuring Italy, the host Argentina, France and Hungary. The two places in the second round were claimed before the final round of games, with Italy and Argentina both beating France and Hungary. The Italy-Argentina game decided who topped the group, and a goal from Roberto Bettega midway through the second half was enough to give that honour to Italy. It also forced Argentina to move out of Buenos Aires and play in Rosario.

The 1978 World Cup marked the only occasion during which a national team did not wear its official uniform to play a match. The incident happened during the game between France and Hungary. The worldwide television broadcast of the games was in color, but Argentina only had black and white TV equipment in place; the team's tops were indistinguishable on the older TV sets, resulting in the French side electing to wear the jerseys of a local squad from Mar del Plata, Club Atletico Kimberley; the jerseys had vertical green and white stripes.

Second round

In the all-European Group A, the Netherlands got off to a flying start by thrashing Austria 5-1, Johnny Rep scoring two of their goals. In a rematch of the 1974 final, the Dutch then drew 2-2 with West Germany, who had previously shared a goalless game with Italy. The Italians beat Austria 1-0, and so the Netherlands faced Italy in their last group game knowing that the winners would reach the final. Erny Brandts scored an 18th-minute own goal to put Italy ahead at half-time, but he made up for his mistake by scoring at the right end in the fifth minute of the second half. Arie Haan got the winner for the Dutch with 15 minutes remaining, and the Netherlands had reached their second successive World Cup Final. West Germany were surprisingly beaten by Austria 2-3 which marked their end as World Champions.

Group B was essentially a battle between Argentina and Brazil, and it was resolved in controversial circumstances. In the first round of group games, Brazil beat Peru 3-0 while Argentina saw Poland off by a score of 2-0. Brazil and Argentina then played out a tense and violent goalless draw, so both teams went into the last round of matches with three points. Argentina had an advantage that their match against Peru kicked off several hours after Brazil's match with Poland. Brazil won their match 3-1, so Argentina could know that they had to beat Peru by four clear goals to go through to the final. Argentina managed it with what some saw as a suspicious degree of ease. Trailing 2-0 at half-time, Peru simply collapsed in the second half, and Argentina eventually won 6-0. Rumours suggested that Peru might have been somehow illicitly induced not to try too hard (especially because the Peruvian goalkeeper, Ramón Quiroga, was born in Argentina); but nothing could be proved, and Argentina met the Netherlands in the final. Brazil, denied a final place by Argentina's 6-0 win over Peru, took third place from an enterprising Italy side and were dubbed "moral champions" by coach Cláudio Coutinho, because they did not win the tournament, but did not lose a single match either.

Final

The final, Argentina vs Netherlands, was also controversial, as the Dutch accused the Argentines of using stalling tactics to delay the match. The host team came out late and questioned the legality of a plaster cast on René van de Kerkhof's wrist, which the Dutch claimed allowed tension to build in front of a hostile Buenos Aires crowd. Mario Kempes opened the scoring for the hosts before Dick Nanninga equalized a few minutes from the end. Rob Rensenbrink had a glorious stoppage-time opportunity to win it for the Netherlands but his effort came back off the goal post. Argentina won the final 3-1 after extra time, after Daniel Bertoni scored and Kempes, who finished the tournament's top scorer with six goals, added his second of the day. The Netherlands, because of the controversial game events, refused to attend the post-match ceremonies after the match ended.^[2] They had lost their second World Cup final in a row, both times to the host nation, after losing to West Germany in 1974.

Mascot

The official mascot of this World Cup was Gauchito, a boy wearing an Argentina strip. His hat (with the words ARGENTINA '78), neckerchief and whip are typical of gauchos.

Venues

Buenos Aires Mendoza Mar del Plata Córdoba Rosario	Buenos Aires	Buenos Aires	Córdoba
	Estadio Monumental	Estadio José Amalfitani	Estadio Cordoba
	Capacity: 76,000	Capacity: 49,540	Capacity: 46,083
	Mar del Plata	Rosario	Mendoza
	Estadio José María Minella	Estadio Gigante de Arroyito	Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza
	Capacity: 43,542	Capacity: 41,654	Capacity: 34,875

Match officials

Africa Youssou N'Diaye Asia Farouk Bouzo Jaffar Namdar Abraham Klein Europe Ferdinand Biwersi Charles Corver Jean Dubach Ulf Eriksson Antonio Garrido John Gordon Sergio Gonella Alojzy Jarguz Erich Linemayr Dušan Maksimović Angel Franco Martínez Károly Palotai Pat Partridge Adolf Prokop Nicolae Rainea Francis Rion Clive Thomas Robert Wurtz

North and Central America Alfonso González Archundia South America Ramón Barreto Arnaldo Cézar Coelho Angel Norberto Coerezza César Orosco Juan Silvagno

Squads

For a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see 1978 FIFA World Cup squads.

Results

First round

All times local (UTC-3)

Group 1

Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts
Italy	3	3	0	0	6	2	+4	6
Argentina	3	2	0	1	4	3	+1	4
France	3	1	0	2	5	5	0	2
Hungary	3	0	0	3	3	8	-5	0

2 June 1978 13:45	Italy	2 – 1	France	Estadio José Maria Minella, Mar del Plata Attendance: 38,100 Referee: Nicolae Rainea (Romania)
	Rossi  29' Zaccarelli  54'	(Report)	Lacombe  1'

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2 June 1978 19:15	Argentina	2 – 1	Hungary	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 71,615 Referee: Antonio Garrido (Portugal)
	Luque  14' Bertoni  83'	(Report)	Csapó  9'

---

6 June 1978 13:45	Italy	3 – 1	Hungary	Estadio José Maria Minella, Mar del Plata Attendance: 26,533 Referee: Ramon Barreto (Uruguay)
	Rossi  34' Bettega  35' Benetti  61'	(Report)	A. Tóth  81' (pen.)

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6 June 1978 19:15	Argentina	2 – 1	France	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 71,666 Referee: Jean Dubach (Switzerland)
	Passarella  45' (pen.) Luque  73'	(Report)	Platini  60'

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10 June 1978 14:30[3]	France	3 – 1	Hungary	Estadio José Maria Minella, Mar del Plata Attendance: 23,127 Referee: Arnaldo Cézar Coelho (Brazil)
	Lopez  23' Berdoll  38' Rocheteau  42'	(Report)	Zombori  41'

---

10 June 1978 19:15	Argentina	0 – 1	Italy	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 71,712 Referee: Abraham Klein (Israel)
		(Report)	Bettega  67'

Group 2

Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts
Poland	3	2	1	0	4	1	+3	5
West Germany	3	1	2	0	6	0	+6	4
Tunisia	3	1	1	1	3	2	+1	3
Mexico	3	0	0	3	2	12	-10	0

1 June 1978 15:00	West Germany	0 – 0	Poland	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 67,579 Referee: Angel Norberto Coerezza (Argentina)
		(Report)

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2 June 1978 16:45	Tunisia	3 – 1	Mexico	Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, Rosario Attendance: 17,396 Referee: John Gordon (Scotland)
	Kaabi  55' Ghommidh  80' Dhouib  86'	(Report)	Vázquez Ayala  45' (pen.)

---

6 June 1978 16:45	West Germany	6 – 0	Mexico	Estadio Chateau Carreras, Córdoba Attendance: 35,258 Referee: Farouk Bouzo (Syria)
	D. Müller  14' H. Müller  29' Rummenigge  38'  71' Flohe  44'  89'	(Report)

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6 June 1978 16:45	Poland	1 – 0	Tunisia	Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, Rosario Attendance: 9,624 Referee: Angel Franco Martínez (Spain)
	Lato  42'	(Report)

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10 June 1978 16:45	West Germany	0 – 0	Tunisia	Estadio Olímpico Chateau Carreras, Córdoba Attendance: 30,667 Referee: César Guerrero Orosco (Peru)
		(Report)

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10 June 1978 16:45	Poland	3 – 1	Mexico	Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, Rosario Attendance: 22,651 Referee: Jaffar Namdar (Iran)
	Boniek  42'  83' Deyna  56'	(Report)	Rangel  51'

Group 3

Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts
Austria	3	2	0	1	3	2	+1	4
Brazil	3	1	2	0	2	1	+1	4
Spain	3	1	1	1	2	2	0	3
Sweden	3	0	1	2	1	3	-2	1

3 June 1978 13:45	Austria	2 – 1	Spain	Estadio José Amalfitani, Buenos Aires Attendance: 40,841 Referee: Károly Palotai (Hungary)
	Schachner  10' Krankl  79'	(Report)	Dani  21'

---

3 June 1978 13:45	Brazil	1 – 1	Sweden	Estadio José Maria Minella, Mar del Plata Attendance: 32,569 Referee: Clive Thomas (Wales)
	Reinaldo  45'	(Report)	Sjöberg  37'

---

7 June 1978 13:45	Austria	1 – 0	Sweden	Estadio José Amalfitani, Buenos Aires Attendance: 41,424 Referee: Charles Corver (Netherlands)
	Krankl  44' (pen.)	(Report)

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7 June 1978 13:45	Brazil	0 – 0	Spain	Estadio José Maria Minella, Mar del Plata Attendance: 34,771 Referee: Sergio Gonella (Italy)
		(Report)

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11 June 1978 13:45	Spain	1 – 0	Sweden	Estadio José Amalfitani, Buenos Aires Attendance: 46,765 Referee: Ferdinand Biwersi (West Germany)
	Asensi  75'	(Report)

---

11 June 1978 13:45	Brazil	1 – 0	Austria	Estadio José Maria Minella, Mar del Plata Attendance: 35,221 Referee: Robert Wurtz (France)
	Roberto Dinamite  40'	(Report)

Group 4

Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts
Peru	3	2	1	0	7	2	+5	5
Netherlands	3	1	1	1	5	3	+2	3
Scotland	3	1	1	1	5	6	-1	3
Iran	3	0	1	2	2	8	-6	1

3 June 1978 16:45	Peru	3 – 1	Scotland	Estadio Chateau Carreras, Córdoba Attendance: 37,927 Referee: Ulf Eriksson (Sweden)
	Cueto  43' Cubillas  70'  76'	(Report)	Jordan  19'

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3 June 1978 16:45	Netherlands	3 – 0	Iran	Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza Attendance: 33,431 Referee: González Archundía (Mexico)
	Rensenbrink  40' (pen.)  62'  78' (pen.)	(Report)

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7 June 1978 16:45	Scotland	1 – 1	Iran	Estadio Chateau Carreras, Córdoba Attendance: 7,938 Referee: Youssou N'Diaye (Senegal)
	Eskandarian  43' (o.g.)	(Report)	Danaeifard  60'

---

7 June 1978 16:45	Netherlands	0 – 0	Peru	Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza Attendance: 28,125 Referee: Adolf Prokop (East Germany)
		(Report)

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11 June 1978 16:45	Peru	4 – 1	Iran	Estadio Chateau Carreras, Córdoba Attendance: 21,262 Referee: Alojzy Jarguz (Poland)
	Velásquez  2' Cubillas  36' (pen.)  39' (pen.)  79'	(Report)	Rowshan  41'

---

11 June 1978 16:45	Scotland	3 – 2	Netherlands	Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza Attendance: 35,130 Referee: Erich Linemayr (Austria)
	Dalglish  44' Gemmill  46' (pen.)  68'	(Report)	Rensenbrink  34' (pen.) Rep  71'

Second round

Group A

Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts
Netherlands	3	2	1	0	9	4	+5	5
Italy	3	1	1	1	2	2	0	3
West Germany	3	0	2	1	4	5	-1	2
Austria	3	1	0	2	4	8	-4	2

14 June 1978 13:45	Austria	1 – 5	Netherlands	Estadio Chateau Carreras, Córdoba Attendance: 25,050 Referee: John Gordon (Scotland)
	Obermayer  80'	(Report)	Brandts  6' Rensenbrink  35' (pen.) Rep  36'  53' W. van de Kerkhof  82'

---

14 June 1978 13:45	Italy	0 – 0	West Germany	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 67,547 Referee: Dušan Maksimović (Yugoslavia)
		(Report)

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18 June 1978 16:45	Netherlands	2 – 2	West Germany	Estadio Chateau Carreras, Córdoba Attendance: 40,750 Referee: Ramón Barreto (Uruguay)
	Haan  27' R. van de Kerkhof  82'	(Report)	Abramczik  3' D. Müller  70'

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18 June 1978 16:45	Italy	1 – 0	Austria	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 66,695 Referee: Francis Rion (Belgium)
	Rossi  13'	(Report)

---

21 June 1978 13:45	Austria	3 – 2	West Germany	Estadio Chateau Carreras, Córdoba Attendance: 38,318 Referee: Abraham Klein (Israel)
	Vogts  59' (o.g.) Krankl  66'  88'	(Report)	Rummenigge  19' Hölzenbein  67'

---

21 June 1978 13:45	Italy	1 – 2	Netherlands	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 67,433 Referee: Angel Franco Martínez (Spain)
	Brandts  19' (o.g.)	(Report)	Brandts  49' Haan  76'

Group B

Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts
Argentina	3	2	1	0	8	0	+8	5
Brazil	3	2	1	0	6	1	+5	5
Poland	3	1	0	2	2	5	-3	2
Peru	3	0	0	3	0	10	-10	0

14 June 1978 16:45	Peru	0 – 3	Brazil	Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza Attendance: 31,278 Referee: Nicolae Rainea (Romania)
		(Report)	Dirceu  15'  27' Zico  72' (pen.)

---

14 June 1978 19:15	Argentina	2 – 0	Poland	Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, Rosario Attendance: 37,091 Referee: Ulf Eriksson (Sweden)
	Kempes  16'  72'	(Report)

---

18 June 1978 13:45	Peru	0 – 1	Poland	Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza Attendance: 35,288 Referee: Pat Partridge (England)
		(Report)	Szarmach  64'

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18 June 1978 19:15	Argentina	0 – 0	Brazil	Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, Rosario Attendance: 37,326 Referee: Károly Palotai (Hungary)
		(Report)

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21 June 1978 16:45	Poland	1 – 3	Brazil	Estadio Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza Attendance: 39,586 Referee: Juan Silvagno Cavanna (Chile)
	Lato  45'	(Report)	Nelinho  13' Roberto Dinamite  58'  63'

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21 June 1978 19:15	Argentina	6 – 0	Peru	Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, Rosario Attendance: 37,315 Referee: Robert Wurtz (France)
	Kempes  21'  49' Tarantini  43' Luque  50'  72' Houseman  67'	(Report)

Third place match

24 June 1978 15:00	Brazil	2 – 1	Italy	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 69,659 Referee: Abraham Klein (Israel)
	Nelinho  64' Dirceu  71'	(Report)	Causio  38'

Final

25 June 1978 15:00	Netherlands	1 – 3 (a.e.t.)	Argentina	Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires Attendance: 71,483 Referee: Sergio Gonella (Italy)
	Nanninga  82'	(Report)	Kempes  37'  104' Bertoni  115'

Winner

1978 FIFA World Cup Winners
Argentina First title

Awards

FIFA Fair Play Trophy:
Argentina

Scorers

6 goals Mario Kempes 5 goals Rob Rensenbrink Teófilo Cubillas 4 goals Leopoldo Luque Hans Krankl 3 goals Dirceu Roberto Dinamite Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Paolo Rossi Johnny Rep

2 goals Daniel Bertoni Nelinho Heinz Flohe Dieter Müller Roberto Bettega Ernie Brandts Arie Haan Zbigniew Boniek Grzegorz Lato Archie Gemmill 1 goal René Houseman Daniel Passarella Alberto Tarantini Erich Obermayer Walter Schachner Reinaldo Zico Marc Berdoll Bernard Lacombe Christian Lopez Michel Platini Dominique Rocheteau Rüdiger Abramczik Bernd Hölzenbein Hansi Müller

Károly Csapó András Tóth Sándor Zombori Iraj Danaeifard Hassan Rowshan Romeo Benetti Franco Causio Renato Zaccarelli Víctor Rangel Arturo Vázquez Ayala Dick Nanninga René van de Kerkhof Willy van de Kerkhof César Cueto José Velásquez Kazimierz Deyna Andrzej Szarmach Kenny Dalglish Joe Jordan Juan Manuel Asensi Dani Thomas Sjöberg Mokhtar Dhouib Néjib Ghommidh Ali Kaabi Own goals Berti Vogts (for Austria) Andranik Eskandarian (for Scotland) Ernie Brandts (for Italy)

Other facts

Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (March 2008)

• Argentina was a candidate to host the 1970 World Cup, but since Mexico City was hosting the 1968 Summer Olympics and had constructed new football stadia, it went to Mexico.
• The Netherlands's Rob Rensenbrink's goal against Scotland was the 1000th goal of World Cup history.
• Scotland's Willie Johnston was expelled from the World Cup after he was found to have taken a banned stimulant during the opening game against Peru.
• At the final minutes of the Brazil vs Sweden match, the Brazilians were awarded a corner kick that resulted in a goal (which would have given Brazil a 2-1 victory). However, the goal was not awarded, because the referee Clive Thomas had whistled the end of the game as the ball was being kicked into the area. The Brazilian players were not happy with the decision, but the final result remained a 1-1 draw.
• Brazil was eliminated from the competition without having lost a single match (the same would happen to England and Cameroon in the next World Cup).

Firsts

• Tunisia was the first African team to win a match in World Cup finals, beating Mexico 3-1.
• This edition was the first appearance of Coca-Cola in the FIFA World Cup as a sponsor.
• For the 1978 World Cup, FIFA introduced the penalty shootout as a means of determining the winner in knockout stages should the match end on a draw after 120 minutes. The method, however, was not put in practice as both the third-place match and the final were decided before 120 minutes. The first World Cup to feature a penalty shootout was the 1982 World Cup, in the semifinal match between France and West Germany.

Notes

External links

• 1978 FIFA World Cup on FIFA.com
• Details at RSSSF
• History of the World Cup-1978
• Planet World Cup - Argentina 1978

1978 FIFA World Cup stages v • d • e
Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Group F Knockout stage Final
v • d • e 1978 FIFA World Cup finalists Champions Argentina Runners-up Netherlands Third place Brazil Fourth place Italy Eliminated in second round Austria · Peru · Poland · West Germany Eliminated in group stage France · Hungary · Iran · Mexico · Scotland · Spain · Sweden · Tunisia
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