- For the folk music band, see Forseti (band).
Forseti (Old Norse "the presiding one", actually "president" in Modern Icelandic and Faroese) is the Æsir god of justice, peace and truth in Norse mythology. Fosite is a god of the Frisians often identified with Scandinavian Forseti. So Jacob Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, who takes forseti "praeses" as the original meaning, postulating an (unattested) Old High German equivalent forasizo (cf. modern German Vorsitzender "one who presides"). Grimm notes that the god's sanctuary at Heligoland would have made him an ideal candidate of a deity known to both Frisians and Scandinavians, but has to admit it is surprising that he should remain entirely unmentioned by Saxo Grammaticus.
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Norse Forseti
He was the son of Baldr and Nanna. His home was Glitnir, its name, meaning shining, referring to the hall's silver ceiling and golden pillars, which radiated light that could be seen from a great distance.
Forseti was considered the wisest and most eloquent of gods of Asgard. In contrast to his fellow god Tyr, who presided over the bloody affairs of carnal law, Forseti presided over disputes resolved by mediation. He sat in his hall, dispensing justice to those who sought it, and was said to be able to always provide a solution that all parties considered fair. Like his father Baldr, he was a gentle god and favored peace so all judged by him could live in safety as long as they upheld his sentence. Forseti was so respected that only the most solemn oaths were uttered in his name.
The first element in the name Forsetlund (Old Norse Forsetalundr), a farm in the parish of Onsøy ('Odins island'), Norway, seem to be the genitive case of Forseti.
Frisian Fosite
Fosite's place of worship was on Heligoland. It was destroyed in 785 by Ludger. According to legend, twelve Asegeir or old ones once wandered all over Scandinavia gathering local laws. They wanted to get the best laws from all the tribes and compile them into one set of laws applicable to all of them, thus uniting them in peace.
It is said that after gathering laws from all the regions, they embarked on a sea voyage to a remote place where they could safely discuss the process of compilation. However, a vicious storm arose and while at the mercy of sea they invoked the name of Forseti to save them from peril. They noticed that a 13th person appeared in the boat and safely led it to a deserted island. There, the person (presumably Forseti himself) split the earth and a spring was formed. Having consecrated the place he dictated the unified code of laws that merged all the best regulations of various local laws and suddenly vanished.[1][dead link]
The island became a place of worship to Fosite and the spring was its holy place. All major legal assemblies gathered at the island. The disputes were undertaken in the light of day only, and never in winter as it was believed that darkness was anathema to truth and just resolve.
"Fositesland" is mentioned by Alcuin as in confinio Fresorum et Danorum. Adam von Bremen identifies the "Fosite island" with Heligoland. Fosite has been suggested to be a loan of Greek Poseidon into pre-Proto-Germanic, perhaps via Greeks purchasing amber (Pytheas is known to have visited the area of Heligoland in search of amber).[2]
See also
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References
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- Davidson, H. R. Ellis (1990). Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. orig. pub. 1965. England: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-013627-4.
- ^ marklander.ravenbanner.com/forseti%20BC.html (Dead link)
- ^ the equation Greek Poseidon = Germanic Fosite was noted in at least as early as 1977 in Franz Spilka, Rätsel der Heimat nr. 21.
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